Appendix A. Function Prototypes

This appendix contains the function prototypes for the standard ISO C, POSIX, and UNIX System functions described in the text. Often, we want to see only the arguments to a function ("Which argument is the file pointer for fgets?") or only the return value ("Does sprintf return a pointer or a count?"). These prototypes also show which headers need to be included to obtain the definitions of any special constants and to obtain the ISO C function prototype to help detect any compile-time errors.

The page number reference for each function prototype appears to the right of the first header file listed for the function. The page number reference gives the page containing the prototype for the function. That page should be consulted for additional information on the function.

Some functions are supported by only a few of the platforms described in this text. In addition, some platforms support function flags that other platforms don't support. In these cases, we usually list the platforms for which support is provided. In a few cases, however, we list platforms that lack support.

void	abort (void);
		<stdlib.h> This function never returns	p. 340
int	accept(intsockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict len);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: file (socket) descriptor if OK, 1 on error	p. 563
int	access(const char *pathname, int mode); <unistd.h> mode: R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK
		Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 95
unsigned int	alarm(unsigned int seconds);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 or number of seconds until previously set alarm	p. 313
char	*asctime(const struct tm *tmptr);
		<time.h> Returns: pointer to null-terminated string	p. 175
int	atexit(void (*func)(void));
		<stdlib.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 182
int	[View full width] bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 560
void	*calloc(size_t nobj, size_t size);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 189
speed_t	cfgetispeed(const struct termios *termptr);
		<termios.h> Returns: baud rate value	p. 652
speed_t	cfgetospeed(const struct termios *termptr);
		<termios.h> Returns: baud rate value	p. 652
int	cfsetispeed(struct termios *termptr, speed_t speed);
		<termios.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 652
int	cfsetospeed(struct termios *termptr, speed_t speed);
		<termios.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 652
int	chdir(const char *pathname);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 125
int	chmod(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
		<sys/stat.h>mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX](USR|GRP|OTH) Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 99
int	chown(const char *pathname, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 102
void	clearerr(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h>	p. 141
int	close(int filedes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 63
int	closedir(DIR *dp);
		<dirent.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 120
void	closelog(void);
		<syslog.h>	p. 430
unsigned char	*CMSG_DATA(struct cmsghdr *cp);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: pointer to data associated with cmsghdr structure	p. 607
struct cmsghdr	*CMSG_FIRSTHDR(struct msghdr *mp);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: pointer to first cmsghdr structure associated with the msghdr structure, or NULL if none exists	p. 607
unsigned int	CMSG_LEN(unsigned int nbytes);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: size to allocate for data object nbytes large	p. 607
struct cmsghdr	*CMSG_NXTHDR(struct msghdr *mp, struct cmsghdr *cp);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: pointer to next cmsghdr structure associated with the msghdr structure given the current cmsghdr structure, or NULL if we're at the last one	p. 607
int	[View full width] connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 561
int	creat(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
		[View full width] <fcntl.h> mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX] (USR|GRP|OTH) Returns: file descriptor opened for write-only if OK, 1 on error	p. 62
char	*ctermid(char *ptr);
		<stdio.h> Returns: pointer to name of controlling terminal on success, pointer to empty string on error	p. 654
char	*ctime(const time_t *calptr);
		<time.h> Returns: pointer to null-terminated string	p. 175
int	dup(int filedes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: new file descriptor if OK, 1 on error	p. 76
int	dup2(int filedes, int filedes2);
		<unistd.h> Returns: new file descriptor if OK, 1 on error	p. 76
void	endgrent(void);
		<grp.h>	p. 167
void	endhostent(void);
		<netdb.h>	p. 553
void	endnetent(void);
		<netdb.h>	p. 554
void	endprotoent(void);
		<netdb.h>	p. 554
void	endpwent(void);
		<pwd.h>	p. 164
void	endservent(void);
		<netdb.h>	p. 555
void	endspent(void);
		<shadow.h> Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 166
int	[View full width] execl(const char *pathname, const char *arg0, ... /* (char *) 0 */ );
		<unistd.h> Returns: 1 on error, no return on success	p. 231
int	[View full width] execle(const char *pathname, const char *arg0, ... /* (char *) 0, char *const envp[] */ );
		<unistd.h> Returns: 1 on error, no return on success	p. 231
int	[View full width] execlp(const char *filename, const char *arg0, ... /* (char *) 0 */ );
		<unistd.h> Returns: 1 on error, no return on success	p. 231
int	execv(const char *pathname, char *const argv[]);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 1 on error, no return on success	p. 231
int	[View full width] execve(const char *pathname, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 1 on error, no return on success	p. 231
int	execvp(const char *filename, char *const argv[]);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 1 on error, no return on success	p. 231
void	_Exit(int status);
		<stdlib.h> This function never returns	p. 180
void	_exit(int status);
		<unistd.h> This function never returns	p. 180
void	exit(int status);
		<stdlib.h> This function never returns	p. 180
int	fattach(int filedes, const char *path);
		<stropts.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 589
int	fchdir(int filedes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 125
int	fchmod(int filedes, mode_t mode);
		[View full width] <sys/stat.h> mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX] (USR|GRP|OTH) Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 99
int	fchown(int filedes, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 102
int	fclose(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: 0 if OK, EOF on error	p. 139
int	fcntl(int filedes, int cmd, ... /* int arg */ );
		[View full width] <fcntl.h> cmd: F_DUPFD, F_GETFD, F_SETFD, F_GETFL, F_SETFL, F_GETOWN, F_SETOWN, F_GETLK, F_SETLK, F_SETLKW Returns: depends on cmd if OK, 1 on error	p. 78
int	fdatasync(int filedes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms : Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 77
void	FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *fdset);
		<sys/select.h>	p. 476
int	fdetach(const char *path);
		<stropts.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 590
int	FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *fdset);
		<sys/select.h> Returns: nonzero if fd is in set, 0 otherwise	p. 476
FILE	*fdopen(int filedes, const char *type);
		<stdio.h> type: "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+", Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 138
void	FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *fdset);
		<sys/select.h>	p. 476
void	FD_ZERO(fd_set *fdset);
		<sys/select.h>	p. 476
int	feof(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: nonzero (true) if end of file on stream, 0 (false) otherwise	p. 141
int	ferror(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: nonzero (true) if error on stream, 0 (false) otherwise	p. 141
int	fflush(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: 0 if OK, EOF on error	p. 137
int	fgetc(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error	p. 140
int	fgetpos(FILE *restrict fp, fpos_t *restrict pos);
		<stdio.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 148
char	*fgets(char *restrict buf, int n, FILE *restrict fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: buf if OK, NULL on end of file or error	p. 142
int	fileno(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: file descriptor associated with the stream	p. 153
void	flockfile(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h>	p. 403
FILE	[View full width] *fopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char *restrict type);
		<stdio.h> type: "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+", Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 138
pid_t	fork(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 in child, process ID of child in parent, 1 on error	p. 211
long	fpathconf(int filedes, int name);
		[View full width] <unistd.h> name: _PC_ASYNC_IO, _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED, _PC_FILESIZEBITS, _PC_LINK_MAX, _PC_MAX_CANON, _PC_MAX_INPUT, _PC_NAME_MAX, _PC_NO_TRUNC, _PC_PATH_MAX, 'u'_PC_PIPE_BUF, _PC_PRIO_IO, _PC_SYNC_IO, _PC_SYMLINK_MAX, _PC_VDISABLE Returns: corresponding value if OK, 1 on error	p. 41
int	[View full width] fprintf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict format, ...);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error	p. 149
int	fputc(int c, FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: c if OK, EOF on error	p. 142
int	fputs(const char *restrict str, FILE *restrict fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: non-negative value if OK, EOF on error	p. 143
size_t	[View full width] fread(void *restrict ptr, size_t size, size_t nobj , FILE *restrict fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of objects read	p. 146
void	free(void *ptr);
		<stdlib.h>	p. 189
void	freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *ai);
		<sys/socket.h> <netdb.h>	p. 555
FILE	[View full width] *freopen(const char *restrict pathname, const char *restrict type, FILE *restrict fp);
		<stdio.h>type: "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+", Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 138
int	[View full width] fscanf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict format, ...);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion	p. 151
int	fseek(FILE *fp, long offset, int whence);
		<stdio.h> whence: SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 147
int	fseeko(FILE *fp, off_t offset, int whence);
		<stdio.h> whence: SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 148
int	fsetpos(FILE *fp, const fpos_t *pos);
		<stdio.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 148
int	fstat(int filedes, struct stat *buf);
		<sys/stat.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 87
int	fsync(int filedes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 77
long	ftell(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: current file position indicator if OK, -1L on error	p. 147
off_t	ftello(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: current file position indicator if OK, (off_t)-1 on error	p. 148
key_t	ftok(const char *path, int id);
		<sys/ipc.h> Returns: key if OK, (key_t)-1 on error	p. 519
int	ftruncate(int filedes, off_t length);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 105
int	ftrylockfile(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero if lock can't be acquired	p. 403
void	funlockfile(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h>	p. 403
int	fwide(FILE *fp, int mode);
		<stdio.h> <wchar.h> Returns: positive if stream is wide oriented, negative if stream is byte oriented, or 0 if stream has no orientation	p. 134
size_t	[View full width] fwrite(const void *restrict ptr, size_t size, size_t nobj, FILE *restrict fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of objects written	p. 146
const char	*gai_strerror(int error);
		<netdb.h> Returns: a pointer to a string describing the error	p. 556
int	[View full width] getaddrinfo(const char *restrict host, const char *restrict service, const struct addrinfo *restrict hint, struct addrinfo **restrict res);
		<sys/socket.h> <netdb.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero error code on error	p. 555
int	getc(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error	p. 140
int	getchar(void);
		<stdio.h> Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error	p. 140
int	getchar_unlocked(void);
		<stdio.h> Returns: the next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error	p. 403
int	getc_unlocked(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: the next character if OK, EOF on end of file or error	p. 403
char	*getcwd(char *buf, size_t size);
		<unistd.h> Returns: buf if OK, NULL on error	p. 126
gid_t	getegid(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: effective group ID of calling process	p. 210
char	*getenv(const char *name);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: pointer to value associated with name, NULL if not found	p. 192
uid_t	geteuid(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: effective user ID of calling process	p. 210
gid_t	getgid(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: real group ID of calling process	p. 210
structgroup	*getgrent(void);
		<grp.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error or end of file	p. 167
structgroup	*getgrgid(gid_t gid);
		<grp.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 166
structgroup	*getgrnam(const char *name);
		<grp.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 166
int	getgroups(int gidsetsize, gid_t grouplist[]);
		<unistd.h> Returns: number of supplementary group IDs if OK, 1 on error	p. 168
structhostent	*gethostent(void);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 553
int	gethostname(char *name, int namelen);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 172
char	*getlogin(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: pointer to string giving login name if OK, NULL on error	p. 256
int	[View full width] getmsg(int filedes, struct strbuf *restrict ctlptr, struct strbuf *restrict dataptr, int *restrict flagptr);
		<stropts.h>* flagptr: 0, RS_HIPRI Returns: non-negative value if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 469
int	[View full width] getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t alen, char *restrict host, socklen_t hostlen , char *restrict service, socklen_t servlen, unsigned int flags);
		<sys/socket.h> <netdb.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 556
structnetent	*getnetbyaddr(uint32_t net, int type);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 554
structnetent	*getnetbyname(const char *name);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 554
structnetent	*getnetent(void);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 554
int	[View full width] getopt(int argc, const * const argv[], const char *options);
		<fcntl.h> extern int optind, opterr, optopt; extern char *optarg; Returns: the next option character, or 1 when all options have been processed	p. 774
int	[View full width] getpeername(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict alenp);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 561
pid_t	getpgid(pid_t pid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: process group ID if OK, 1 on error	p. 269
pid_t	getpgrp(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: process group ID of calling process	p. 269
pid_t	getpid(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: process ID of calling process	p. 210
int	[View full width] getpmsg(int filedes, struct strbuf *restrict ctlptr, struct strbuf *restrict dataptr, int *restrict bandptr, int *restrict flagptr);
		[View full width] <stropts.h> *flagptr: 0, MSG_HIPRI, MSG_BAND, MSG_ANY Returns: non-negative value if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 469
pid_t	getppid(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: parent process ID of calling process	p.210
structprotoent	*getprotobyname(const char *name);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.554
structprotoent	*getprotobynumber(int proto);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.554
structprotoent	*getprotoent(void);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error.	p.554
structpasswd	*getpwent(void);
		<pwd.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error or end of file	p.164
structpasswd	*getpwnam(const char *name);
		<pwd.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.163
structpasswd	*getpwuid(uid_tuid);
		<pwd.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.163
int	getrlimit(int resource, struct rlimit *rlptr);
		<sys/resource.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p.202
char	*gets(char *buf);
		<stdio.h> Returns: buf if OK, NULL on end of file or error	p142
structservent	*getservbyname(const char *name, const char *proto);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.555
structservent	*getservbyport(int port, const char *proto);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.555
structservent	*getservent(void);
		<netdb.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.555
pid_t	getsid(pid_t pid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: session leader's process group ID if OK, 1 on error	p.271
int	[View full width] getsockname(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict alenp);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.561
int	[View full width] getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int option, void *restrict val, socklen_t *restrict lenp);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.579
structspwd	*getspent(void);
		<shadow.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p.166
structspwd	*getspnam(const char *name);
		<shadow.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p.166
int	[View full width] gettimeofday(struct timeval *restrict tp, void *restrict tzp);
		<sys/time.h> Returns: 0 always	p.173
uid_t	getuid(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: real user ID of calling process	p.210
structtm	*gmtime(const time_t *calptr);
		<time.h> Returns: pointer to broken-down time	p.175
int	grantpt(int filedes);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: 0 on success, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p.682
uint32_t	htonl(uint32_t hostint32);
		<arpa/inet.h> Returns: 32-bit integer in network byte order	p.550
uint16_t	htons(uint16_t hostint16);
		<arpa/inet.h> Returns: 16-bit integer in network byte order	p.550
constchar	[View full width] *inet_ntop(int domain, const void *restrict addr, char *restrict str, socklen_t size);
		<arpa/inet.h> Returns: pointer to address string on success, NULL on error	p.552
int	[View full width] inet_pton(int domain, const char *restrict str, void *restrict addr);
		<arpa/inet.h> Returns: 1 on success, 0 if the format is invalid, or 1 on error	p.552
int	initgroups(const char *username, gid_t basegid);
		[View full width] <grp.h> /* Linux & Solaris */ <unistd.h> /* FreeBSD & Mac OS X * / Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.168
int	ioctl(int filedes, int request, ...);
		[View full width] <unistd.h> /* System V */ <sys/ioctl.h> /* BSD and Linux */ <stropts.h> /* XSI STREAMS * / Returns: 1 on error, something else if OK	p.83
int	isastream(int filedes);
		<stropts.h> Returns: 1 (true) if STREAMS device, 0 (false) otherwise Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p.465
int	isatty(int filedes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 1 (true) if terminal device, 0 (false) otherwise	p.655
int	kill(pid_t pid, int signo);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.312
int	[View full width] lchown(const char *pathname, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.102
int	link(const char *existingpath, const char *newpath);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.109
int	listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.563
structtm	*localtime(const time_t *calptr);
		<time.h> Returns: pointer to broken-down time	p.175
void	longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val);
		<setjmp.h> This function never returns	p. 197
off_t	lseek(int filedes, off_t offset, int whence);
		<unistd.h> whence; SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END Returns: new file offset if OK, 1 on error	p.63
int	[View full width] lstat(const char *restrict pathname, struct stat *restrict buf;
		<sys/stat.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.87
void	*malloc(size_t size);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.189
int	mkdir(const char *pathname, mode_t mode;
		[View full width] <sys/stat.h> mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX] (USR|GRP|OTH) Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.119
int	mkfifo(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
		[View full width] <sys/stat.h> mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX] (USR|GRP|OTH) Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.514
int	mkstemp(char *template);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: file descriptor if OK, 1 on error	p.158
time_t	mktime(struct tm *tmptr);
		<time.h> Returns: calendar time if OK, 1 on error	p.175
caddr_t	[View full width] mmap(void *addr, size_t len, int prot, int flag, int filedes, off_t off);
		<sys/mman.h> prot: PROT_READ, PROT_WRITE, PROT_EXEC, PROT_NONE flag: MAP_FIXED, MAP_SHARED, MAP_PRIVATE Returns: starting address of mapped region if OK, MAP_FAILED on error	p.487
int	mprotect(void *addr, size_t len, int prot);
		<sys/mman.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.489
int	msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid_ds *buf );
		<sys/msg.h> cmd: IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4 .22, Solaris 9	p.524
int	msgget(key_t key, int flag);
		<sys/msg.h> flag: 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL Returns: message queue ID if OK, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p.524
ssize_t	[View full width] msgrcv(int msqid, void *ptr, size_t nbytes, long type, int flag);
		<sys/msg.h> flag: 0, IPC_NOWAIT, MSG_NOERROR Returns: size of data portion of message if OK, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p.526
int	[View full width] msgsnd(int msqid, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes, int flag);
		<sys/msg.h> flag: 0, IPC_NOWAIT Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p.525
int	msync(void *addr, size_t len, int flags);
		<sys/mman.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.490
int	munmap(caddr_t addr, size_t len);
		<sys/mman.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.490
uint32_t	ntohl(uint32_tnetint32);
		<arpa/inet.h> Returns: 32-bit integer in host byte order	p.550
uint16_t	ntohs(uint16_t netint16);
		<arpa/inet.h> Returns: 16-bit integer in host byte order	p.550
int	[View full width] open(const char *pathname, int oflag, ... /* mode_t mode */ );
		[View full width] <fcntl.h> oflag: O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR; O_APPEND, O_CREAT, O_DSYNC, O_EXCL, O_NOCTTY, O_NONBLOCK, O_RSYNC, O_SYNC, O_TRUNC mode: S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX] (USR|GRP|OTH) Returns: file descriptor if OK, 1 on error Platforms: O_FSYNC flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1 and Mac OS X 10.3	p.60
DIR	*opendir(const char *pathname);
		<direct.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.120
void	openlog(char *ident, int option, int facility;
		[View full width] <syslog.h> option: LOG_CONS, LOG_NDELAY, LOG_NOWAIT, LOG_ODELAY, LOG_PERROR, LOG_PID facility: LOG_AUTH, LOG_AUTHPRIV, LOG_CRON, LOG_DAEMON, LOG_FTP, LOG_KERN, LOG_LOCAL[0-7], LOG_LPR, LOG_MAIL, LOG_NEWS, LOG_SYSLOG, LOG_USER , LOG_UUCP	p.430
long	pathconf(const char *pathname, int name);
		[View full width] <unistd.h> name: _PC_ASYNC_IO, _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED, _PC_FILESIZEBITS, _PC_LINK_MAX, _PC_MAX_CANON, _PC_MAX_INPUT, _PC_NAME_MAX, _PC_NO_TRUNC, _PC_PATH_MAX, _PC_PIPE_BUF, _PC_PRIO_IO, _PC_SYMLINK_MAX, _PC_SYNC_IO, _PC_VDISABLE Returns: corresponding value if OK, 1 on	p.41
int	pause(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 1 with errno set to EINTR	p.313
int	pclose(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: termination status of popen cmdstring, or 1 on error	p.503
void	perror(const char *msg);
		<stdio.h>	p.15
int	pipe(int filedes[2]);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p.497
int	[View full width] poll(struct pollfd fdarray[], nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
		<poll.h> Returns: count of ready descriptors, 0 on timeout, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p.479
FILE	*popen(const char *cmdstring, const char *type);
		<stdio.h> type: "r", "w" Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error	p.503
int	posix_openpt(int oflag);
		<stdlib.h> <fcntl.h> oflag: O_RWDR, O_NOCTTY Returns: file descriptor of next available PTY master if OK, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1	p.681
ssize_t	[View full width] pread(int filedes, void *buf, size_t nbytes, off_t offset);
		<unistd.h> Returns: number of bytes read, 0 if end of file, 1 on error	p.75
int	printf(const char *restrict format, ...);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error	p.149
int	[View full width] pselect(int maxfdp1, fd_set *restrict readfds, fd_set *restrict writefds, fd_set *restrict exceptfds, const struct timespec *restrict tsptr, const sigset_t *restrict sigmask);
		<sys/select.h> Returns: count of ready descriptors, 0 on timeout, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2 .1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3	p.478
void	psignal(int signo, const char *msg);
		<signal.h> <siginfo.h> /* on Solaris */	p.352
int	[View full width] pthread_atfork(void (*prepare)(void), void (*parent)(void), void (*child)(void);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.417
int	pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.389
int	[View full width] pthread_attr_getdetachstate(const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, int *detachstate);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.390
int	[View full width] pthread_attr_getguardsize(const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, size_t *restricts guardsize);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.392
int	[View full width] pthread_attr_getstack(const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, void **restrict stackaddr, size_t *restrictstacksize);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.391
int	[View full width] pthread_attr_getstacksize(const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, size_t *restrict stacksize);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.392
int	pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.389
int	[View full width] pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr, int detachstate);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.390
int	[View full width] pthread_attr_setguardsize(pthread_attr_t *attr, size_t guardsize);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.392
int	[View full width] pthread_attr_setstack(const pthread_attr_t *attr, void *stackaddr, size_t *stacksize);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.391
int	[View full width] pthread_attr_setstacksize(pthread_attr_t *attr, size_t stacksize);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.392
int	pthread_cancel(pthread_t tid);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.365
void	pthread_cleanup_pop(int execute);
		<pthread.h>	p.365
void	pthread_cleanup_push(void (*rtn)(void *), void *arg);
		<pthread.h>	p.365
int	pthread_condattr_destroy(pthread_condattr_t *attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.401
int	[View full width] pthread_condattr_getpshared(const pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr, int *restrict pshared);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.401
int	pthread_condattr_init(pthread_condattr_t *attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.401
int	[View full width] pthread_condattr_setpshared(pthread_condattr_t *attr, int pshared);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.401
int	pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.384
int	pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p.383
int	pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_condattr_t *restrict attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 383
int	pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 384
int	[View full width] pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const struct timespec *restrict timeout);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 383
int	pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond, pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 383
int	[View full width] pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict tidp, const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr, void *(*start_rtn)(void), void *restrict arg);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 357
int	pthread_detach(pthread_t tid);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 368
int	pthread_equal(pthread_t tid1, pthread_t tid2);
		<pthread.h> Returns: nonzero if equal, 0 otherwise	p. 357
void	pthread_exit(void *rval_ptr);
		<pthread.h>	p. 361
int	pthread_getconcurrency(void);
		<pthread.h> Returns: current concurrency level	p. 393
void	*pthread_getspecific(pthread_key_t key);
		<pthread.h> Returns: thread-specific data value or NULL if no value has been associated with the key	p. 408
int	pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **rval_ptr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 361
int	[View full width] pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *keyp, void (*destructor)(void *);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 406
int	pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t *key);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 407
int	pthread_kill(pthread_t thread, int signo);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 414
int	pthread_mutexattr_destroy(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 393
int	[View full width] pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr, int *restrict pshared);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 394
int	[View full width] pthread_mutexattr_gettype(const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr, int *restrict type);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 395
int	pthread_mutexattr_init(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 393
int	[View full width] pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr, int pshared);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 394
int	[View full width] pthread_mutexattr_settype(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr, int type);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 395
int	pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 371
int	[View full width] pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 371
int	pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 371
int	pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 371
int	pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 371
int	[View full width] pthread_once(pthread_once_t *initflag, void (*initfn)(void);
		<pthread.h> pthread_once_t initflag = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT; Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 408
int	[View full width] pthread_rwlockattr_destroy(pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 400
int	[View full width] pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(const pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict attr, int *restrict pshared);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 400
int	pthread_rwlockattr_init(pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 400
int	[View full width] pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared(pthread_rwlockattr_t *attr, int pshared);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 400
int	pthread_rwlock_destroy(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 379
int	[View full width] pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *restrict rwlock, const pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict attr);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 379
int	pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 379
int	pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 379
int	pthread_rwlock_trywrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 379
int	pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 379
int	pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwlock);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 379
pthread_t	pthread_self(void);
		<pthread.h> Returns: thread ID of the calling thread	p. 357
int	pthread_setcancelstate(int state, int *oldstate);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 410
int	pthread_setcanceltype(int type, int *oldtype);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 411
int	pthread_setconcurrency(int level);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 393
int	[View full width] pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t key, const void *value);
		<pthread.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 408
int	pthread_sigmask(int how, const sigset_t *restrict set, sigset_t *restrict> oset);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 413
void	pthread_testcancel(void);
		<pthread.h>	p. 411
char	*ptsname(int filedes);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: pointer to name of PTY slave if OK, NULL on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 682
int	putc(int c, FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: c if OK, EOF on error	p. 142
int	putchar(int c);
		<stdio.h> Returns: c if OK, EOF on error	p. 142
int	putchar_unlocked(int c);
		<stdio.h> Returns: c if OK, EOF on error	p. 403
int	putc_unlocked(int c, FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: c if OK, EOF on error	p. 403
int	putenv(char *str);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 194
int	putmsg(int filedes, const struct strbuf *ctlptr, const struct strbuf *dataptr, int flag)
		<stropts.h> flag: 0, RS_HIPRI Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 463
int	[View full width] putpmsg(int filedes, const struct strbuf *ctlptr, const struct strbuf *dataptr, int band, int flag);
		<stropts.h> flag: 0, MSG_HIPRI, MSG_BAND Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 463
int	puts(const char *str);
		<stdio.h> Returns: non-negative value if OK, EOF on error	p. 143
ssize_t	[View full width] pwrite(int filedes, const void *buf, size_t nbytes , off_t offset);
		<unistd.h> Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error	p. 75
int	raise(int signo);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 312
ssize_t	read(int filedes, void *buf, size_t nbytes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 0 if end of file, 1 on error	p. 67
struct dirent	*readdir(DIR *dp);
		<dirent.h> Returns: pointer if OK, NULL at end of directory or error	p. 120
int	[View full width] readlink(const char *restrict pathname, char *restrict buf, size_t bufsize);
		<unistd.h> Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 1 on error	p. 115
ssize_t	[View full width] readv(int filedes, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt;
		<sys/uio.h> Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 1 on error	p. 483
void	*realloc(void *ptr, size_t newsize);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 189
ssize_t	recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, int flags);
		<sys/socket.h> flags: 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22	p. 567
ssize_t	[View full width] recvfrom(int sockfd, void *restrict buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict addrlen);
		<sys/socket.h> flags: 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22	p. 567
ssize_t	recvmsg(int sockfd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags;
		<sys/socket.h> flags: 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22	p. 568
int	remove(const char *pathname);
		<stdio.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 111
int	rename(const char *oldname, const char *newname);
		<stdio.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 111
void	rewind(FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h>	p. 147
void	rewinddir(DIR *dp);
		<dirent.h>	p. 120
int	rmdir(const char *pathname);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 120
int	scanf(const char *restrict format, ...);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion	p. 151
void	seekdir(DIR *dp, long loc);
		<dirent.h>	p. 120
int	[View full width] select(int maxfdp1, fd_set *restrict readfds, fd_set *restrict writefds, fd_set *restrict exceptfds, struct timeval *restrict tvptr);
		<sys/select.h> Returns: count of ready descriptors, 0 on timeout, 1 on error	p. 475
int	[View full width] semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, ... /* union semun arg */ );
		<sys/sem.h> cmd: IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID, GETPID, GETNCNT, GETZCNT, GETVAL, SETVAL, GETALL, SETALL Returns: (depends on command)	p. 529
int	semget(key_t key, int nsems, int flag);
		<sys/sem.h> flag: 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL Returns: semaphore ID if OK, 1 on error	p. 529
int	[View full width] semop(int semid, struct sembuf semoparray[], size_t nops);
		<sys/sem.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 530
ssize_t	[View full width] send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, int flags);
		<sys/socket.h> flags: 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9	p. 565
ssize_t	[View full width] sendmsg(int sockfd, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags);
		<sys/socket.h> flags: 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9	p. 566
ssize_t	[View full width] sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, int flags, const struct sockaddr *destaddr, socklen_t destlen);
		<sys/socket.h> flags: 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9	p. 566
void	setbuf(FILE *restrict fp, char *restrict buf );
		<stdio.h>	p. 136
int	setegid(gid_t gid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 241
int	[View full width] setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int rewrite);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 194
int	seteuid(uid_t uid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 241
int	setgid(gid_t gid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 237
void	setgrent(void);
		<grp.h>	p. 167
int	setgroups(int ngroups, const gid_t grouplist[]);
		<grp.h> /* on Linux */ <unistd.h> /* on FreeBSD, Mac OS X, and Solaris */ Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 168
void	sethostent(int stayopen);
		<netdb.h>	p. 553
int	setjmp(jmp_buf env);
		<setjmp.h> Returns: 0 if called directly, nonzero if returning from a call to longjmp	p. 197
int	setlogmask(int maskpri);
		<syslog.h> Returns: previous log priority mask value	p. 430
void	setnetent(int stayopen);
		<netdb.h>	p. 554
int	setpgid(pid_t pid, pid_t pgid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 269
void	setprotoent(int stayopen);
		<netdb.h>	p. 554
void	setpwent(void);
		<pwd.h>	p. 164
int	setregid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 240
int	setreuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 240
int	setrlimit(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlptr);
		<sys/resource.h> Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 202
void	setservent(int stayopen);
		<netdb.h>	p. 555
pid_t	setsid(void);
		<unistd.h> Returns: process group ID if OK, 1 on error	p. 271
int	[View full width] setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int option, const void *val, socklen_t len);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 579
void	setspent(void);
		<shadow.h> Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 166
int	setuid(uid_t uid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 237
int	[View full width] setvbuf(FILE *restrict fp, char *restrict buf, int mode, size_t size);
		<stdio.h> mode: _IOFBF, _IOLBF, _IONBF Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error	p. 136
void	*shmat(int shmid, const void *addr, int flag);
		<sys/shm.h>flag: 0, SHM_RND, SHM_RDONLY Returns: pointer to shared memory segment if OK, 1 on error	p. 536
int	shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf );
		<sys/shm.h> cmd: IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID, SHM_LOCK, SHM_UNLOCK Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 535
int	shmdt(void *addr);
		<sys/shm.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 536
int	shmget(key_t key, int size, int flag);
		<sys/shm.h> flag: 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL Returns: shared memory ID if OK, 1 on error	p. 534
int	shutdown(int sockfd, int how);
		<sys/socket.h> how: SHUT_RD, SHUT_WR, SHUT_RDWR Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 548
int	sig2str(int signo, char *str);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Solaris 9	p. 353
int	[View full width] sigaction(int signo, const struct sigaction *restrict act, struct sigaction *restrict oact);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 324
int	sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int signo);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 319
int	sigdelset(sigset_t *set, int signo);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 319
int	sigemptyset(sigset_t *set);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 319
int	sigfillset(sigset_t *set);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 319
int	sigismember(const sigset_t *set, int signo);
		<signal.h> Returns: 1 if true, 0 if false, 1 on error	p. 319
void	siglongjmp(sigjmp_buf env, int val);
		<setjmp.h> This function never returns	p. 330
void	(*signal(int signo, void (*func)(int)))(int);
		<signal.h> Returns: previous disposition of signal if OK, SIG_ERR on error	p. 298
int	sigpending(sigset_t *set);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 322
int	sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *restrict set, sigset_t *restrict oset);
		<signal.h> how: SIG_BLOCK, SIG_UNBLOCK, SIG_SETMASK Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 320
int	sigsetjmp(sigjmp_buf env, int savemask);
		<setjmp.h> Returns: 0 if called directly, nonzero if returning from a call to siglongjmp	p. 330
int	sigsuspend(const sigset_t *sigmask);
		<signal.h> Returns: 1 with errno set to EINTR	p. 334
int	[View full width] sigwait(const sigset_t *restrict set, int *restrict signop);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure	p. 413
unsigned int	sleep(unsigned int seconds);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 or number of unslept seconds	p. 347
int	[View full width] snprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n, const char *restrict format, ...);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error	p. 149
int	sockatmark(int sockfd);
		<sys/socket.h> Returns: 1 if at mark, 0 if not at mark, 1 on error	p. 582
int	socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
		<sys/socket.h> type: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET, Returns: file (socket) descriptor if OK, 1 on error	p. 546
int	[View full width] socketpair(int domain, int type, int protocol, int sockfd[2]);
		<sys/socket.h> type: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET, Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 594
int	[View full width] sprintf(char *restrict buf, const char *restrict format, ...);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error	p. 149
int	[View full width] sscanf(const char *restrict buf, const char *restrict format, ...);
		<stdio.h> Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion	p. 151
int	[View full width] stat(const char *restrict pathname, struct stat *restrict buf);
		<sys/stat.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 87
int	str2sig(const char *str, int *signop);
		<signal.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Solaris 9	p. 353
char	*strerror(int errnum);
		<string.h> Returns: pointer to message string	p. 15
size_t	[View full width] strftime(char *restrict buf, size_t maxsize, const char *restrict format, const struct tm *restrict tmptr);
		<time.h> Returns: number of characters stored in array if room, 0 otherwise	p. 176
char	*strsignal(int signo);
		<string.h> Returns: a pointer to a string describing the signal	p. 352
int	symlink(const char *actualpath, const char *sympath);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 115
void	sync(void);
		<unistd.h>	p. 77
long	sysconf(int name);
		[View full width] <unistd.h> name: _SC_ARG_MAX, _SC_ATEXIT_MAX, _SC_CHILD_MAX ,_SC_CLK_TCK, _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX, _SC_HOST_NAME_MAX, _SC_IOV_MAX, _SC_JOB_CONTROL, _SC_LINE_MAX, _SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX, _SC_NGROUPS_MAX, _SC_OPEN_MAX, _SC_PAGESIZE, _SC_PAGE_SIZE, _SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS, _SC_RE_DUP_MAX, _SC_SAVED_IDS, _SC_SHELL, _SC_STREAM_MAX, _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX, _SC_TTY_NAME_MAX, _SC_TZNAME_MAX, _SC_VERSION, _SC_XOPEN_CRYPT, _SC_XOPEN_LEGACY, _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME, _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS, _SC_XOPEN_VERSION Returns: corresponding value if OK, 1 on error	p. 41
void	syslog(int priority, char *format, ...);
		<syslog.h>	p. 430
int	system(const char *cmdstring);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: termination status of shell	p. 246
int	tcdrain(int filedes);
		<termios.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 653
int	tcflow(int filedes, int action);
		<termios.h> action: TCOOFF, TCOON, TCIOFF, TCION Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 653
int	tcflush(int filedes, int queue);
		<termios.h> queue: TCIFLUSH, TCOFLUSH, TCIOFLUSH Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 653
int	tcgetattr(int filedes, struct termios *termptr);
		<termios.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 643
pid_t	tcgetpgrp(int filedes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: process group ID of foreground process group if OK, 1 on error	p. 273
pid_t	tcgetsid(int filedes);
		<termios.h> Returns: session leader's process group ID if OK, 1 on error	p. 274
int	tcsendbreak(int filedes, int duration);
		<termios.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 653
int	[View full width] tcsetattr(int filedes, int opt, const struct termios *termptr);
		<termios.h> opt: TCSANOW, TCSADRAIN, TCSAFLUSH Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 643
int	tcsetpgrp(int filedes, pid_t pgrpid);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 273
long	telldir(DIR *dp);
		<dirent.h> Returns: current location in directory associated with dp	p. 120
char	*tempnam(const char *directory, const char *prefix);
		<stdio.h> Returns: pointer to unique pathname	p. 157
time_t	time(time_t *calptr);
		<time.h> Returns: value of time if OK, 1 on error	p. 173
clock_t	times(struct tms *buf);
		<sys/times.h> Returns: elapsed wall clock time in clock ticks if OK, 1 on error	p. 257
FILE	*tmpfile(void);
		<stdio.h> Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error	p. 155
char	*tmpnam(char *ptr);
		<stdio.h> Returns: pointer to unique pathname	p. 155
int	truncate(const char *pathname, off_t length);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 105
char	*ttyname(int filedes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: pointer to pathname of terminal, NULL on error	p. 655
mode_t	umask(mode_t cmask);
		<sys/stat.h> Returns: previous file mode creation mask	p. 97
int	uname(struct utsname *name);
		<sys/utsname.h> Returns: non-negative value if OK, 1 on error	p. 171
int	ungetc(int c, FILE *fp);
		<stdio.h> Returns: c if OK, EOF on error	p. 141
int	unlink(const char *pathname);
		<unistd.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 109
int	unlockpt(int filedes);
		<stdlib.h> Returns: 0 on success, 1 on error Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9	p. 682
void	unsetenv(const char *name);
		<stdlib.h>	p. 194
int	[View full width] utime(const char *pathname, const struct utimbuf *times);
		<utime.h> Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error	p. 116
int	[View full width] vfprintf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
		<stdarg.h> <stdio.h> Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error	p. 151
int	[View full width] vfscanf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
		<stdarg.h> <stdio.h> Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion	p. 151
int	vprintf(const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
		<stdarg.h> <stdio.h> Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error	p. 151
int	vscanf(const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
		<stdarg.h> <stdio.h> Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion	p. 151
int	[View full width] vsnprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n, const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
		<stdarg.h> <stdio.h> Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error	p. 151
int	[View full width] vsprintf(char *restrict buf, const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
		<stdarg.h> <stdio.h> Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error	p. 151
int	[View full width] vsscanf(const char *restrict buf, const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
		<stdarg.h> <stdio.h> Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion	p. 151
void	[View full width] vsyslog (int priority, const char *format, va_list arg);
		<syslog.h> <stdarg.h>	p. 432
pid_t	wait(int *statloc);
		<sys/wait.h> Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error	p. 220
int	[View full width] waitid(idtype_t idtype, id_t id, siginfo_t *infop, int options);
		[View full width] <sys/wait.h> idtype: P_PID, P_PGID, P_ALL options: WCONTINUED, WEXITED, WNOHANG, WNOWAIT, WSTOPPED Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Solaris 9	p. 220
pid_t	waitpid(pid_t pid, int *statloc, int options);
		<sys/wait.h> options: 0, WCONTINUED, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error	p. 220
pid_t	[View full width] wait3(int *statloc, int options, struct rusage *rusage);
		<sys/types.h> <sys/wait.h> <sys/time.h> <sys/resource.h> options: 0, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error	p. 227
pid_t	[View full width] wait4(pid_t pid, int *statloc, int options, struct rusage *rusage);
		<sys/types.h> <sys/wait.h> <sys/time.h> <sys/resource.h> options: 0, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error	p. 227
ssize_t	write(int filedes, const void *buf, size_t nbytes);
		<unistd.h> Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error	p. 68
ssize_t	[View full width] writev(int filedes, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);
		<sys/uio.h> Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error	p. 483