Table of Content

TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols

Preface
     Introduction
     Organization of the Book
     Readers
     Systems Used for Testing
     Typographical Conventions
     Acknowledgments

1. Introduction
     1.1 Introduction
     1.2 Layering
     1.3 TCP/IP Layering
     1.4 Internet Addresses
     1.5 The Domain Name System
     1.6 Encapsulation
     1.7 Demultiplexing
     1.8 Client-Server Model
     1.9 Port Numbers
     1.10 Standardization Process
     1.11 RFCs
     1.12 Standard, Simple Services
     1.13 The Internet
     1.14 Implementations
     1.15 Application Programming Interfaces
     1.16 Test Network
     1.17 Summary
     Exercises

2. Link Layer
     2.1 Introduction
     2.2 Ethernet and IEEE 802 Encapsulation
     2.3 Trailer Encapsulation
     2.4 SLIP: Serial Line IP
     2.5 Compressed SLIP
     2.6 PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol
     2.7 Loopback Interface
     2.8 MTU
     2.9 Path MTU
     2.10 Serial Line Throughput Calculations
     2.11 Summary
     Exercises

3. IP: Internet Protocol
     3.1 Introduction
     3.2 IP Header
     3.3 IP Routing
     3.4 Subnet Addressing
     3.5 Subnet Mask
     3.6 Special Case IP Addresses
     3.7 A Subnet Example
     3.8 ifconfig Command
     3.9 netstat Command
     3.10 IP Futures
     3.11 Summary
     Exercises

4. ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
     4.1 Introduction
     4.2 An Example
     4.3 ARP Cache
     4.4 ARP Packet Format
     4.5 ARP Examples
     4.6 Proxy ARP
     4.7 Gratuitous ARP
     4.8 arp Command
     4.9 Summary
     Exercises

5. RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
     5.1 Introduction
     5.2 RARP Packet Format
     5.3 RARP Examples
     5.4 RARP Server Design
     5.5 Summary
     Exercises

6. ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
     6.1 Introduction
     6.2 ICMP Message Types
     6.3 ICMP Address Mask Request and Reply
     6.4 ICMP Timestamp Request and Reply
     6.5 ICMP Port Unreachable Error
     6.6 4.4BSD Processing of ICMP Messages
     6.7 Summary
     Exercises

7. Ping Program
     7.1 Introduction
     7.2 Ping Program
     7.3 IP Record Route Option
     7.4 IP Timestamp Option
     7.5 Summary
     Exercises

8. Traceroute Program
     8.1 Introduction
     8.2 Traceroute Program Operation
     8.3 LAN Output
     8.4 WAN Output
     8.5 IP Source Routing Option
     8.6 Summary
     Exercises

9. IP Routing
     9.1 Introduction
     9.2 Routing Principles
     9.3 ICMP Host and Network Unreachable Errors
     9.4 To Forward or Not to Forward
     9.5 ICMP Redirect Errors
     9.6 ICMP Router Discovery Messages
     9.7 Summary
     Exercises

10. Dynamic Routing Protocols
     10.1 Introduction
     10.2 Dynamic Routing
     10.3 Unix Routing Daemons
     10.4 RIP: Routing Information Protocol
     10.5 RIP Version 2
     10.6 OSPF: Open Shortest Path First
     10.7 BGP: Border Gateway Protocol
     10.8 CIDR: Classless Interdomain Routing
     10.9 Summary
     Exercises

11. UDP: User Datagram Protocol
     11.1 Introduction
     11.2 UDP Header
     11.3 UDP Checksum
     11.4 A Simple Example
     11.5 IP Fragmentation
     11.6 ICMP Unreachable Error (Fragmentation Required)
     11.7 Determining the Path MTU Using Traceroute
     11.8 Path MTU Discovery with UDP
     11.9 Interaction Between UDP and ARP
     11.10 Maximum UDP Datagram Size
     11.11 ICMP Source Quench Error
     11.12 UDP Server Design
     11.13 Summary
     Exercises

12. Broadcasting and Multicasting
     12.1 Introduction
     12.2 Broadcasting
     12.3 Broadcasting Examples
     12.4 Multicasting
     12.5 Summary
     Exercises

13. IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol
     13.1 Introduction
     13.2 IGMP Message
     13.3 IGMP Protocol
     13.4 An Example
     13.5 Summary
     Exercises

14. DNS: The Domain Name System
     14.1 Introduction
     14.2 DNS Basics
     14.3 DNS Message Format
     14.4 A Simple Example
     14.5 Pointer Queries
     14.6 Resource Records
     14.7 Caching
     14.8 UDP or TCP
     14.9 Another Example
     14.10 Summary
     Exercises

15. TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol
     15.1 Introduction
     15.2 Protocol
     15.3 An Example
     15.4 Security
     15.5 Summary
     Exercises

16. BOOTP: Bootstrap Protocol
     16.1 Introduction
     16.2 BOOTP Packet Format
     16.3 An Example
     16.4 BOOTP Server Design
     16.5 BOOTP Through a Router
     16.6 Vendor-Specific Information
     16.7 Summary
     Exercises

17. TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
     17.1 Introduction
     17.2 TCP Services
     17.3 TCP Header
     17.4 Summary
     Exercises

18. TCP Connection Establishment and Termination
     18.1 Introduction
     18.2 Connection Establishment and Termination
     18.3 Timeout of Connection Establishment
     18.4 Maximum Segment Size
     18.5 TCP Half-Close
     18.6 TCP State Transition Diagram
     18.7 Reset Segments
     18.8 Simultaneous Open
     18.9 Simultaneous Close
     18.10 TCP Options
     18.11 TCP Server Design
     18.12 Summary
     Exercises

19. TCP Interactive Data Flow
     19.1 Introduction
     19.2 Interactive Input
     19.3 Delayed Acknowledgments
     19.4 Nagle Algorithm
     19.5 Window Size Advertisements
     19.6 Summary
     Exercises

20. TCP Bulk Data Flow
     20.1 Introdution
     20.2 Normal Data Flow
     20.3 Sliding Windows
     20.4 Window Size
     20.5 PUSH Flag
     20.6 Slow Start
     20.7 Bulk Data Throughput
     20.8 Urgent Mode
     20.9 Summary
     Exercises

21. TCP Timeout and Retransmission
     21.1 Introduction
     21.2 Simple Timeout and Retransmission Example
     21.3 Round-Trip Time Measurement
     21.4 An RTT Example
     21.5 Congestion Example
     21.6 Congestion Avoidance Algorithm
     21.7 Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery Algorithms
     21.8 Congestion Example (Continued)
     21.9 Per-Route Metrics
     21.10 ICMP Errors
     21.11 Repacketization
     21.12 Summary
     Exercises

22. TCP Persist Timer
     22.1 Introduction
     22.2 An Example
     22.3 Silly Window Syndrome
     22.4 Summary
     Exercises

23. TCP Keepalive Timer
     23.1 Introduction
     23.2 Description
     23.3 Keepalive Examples
     23.4 Summary
     Exercises

24. TCP Futures and Performance
     24.1 Introduction
     24.2 Path MTU Discovery
     24.3 Long Fat Pipes
     24.4 Window Scale Option
     24.5 Timestamp Option
     24.6 PAWS: Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers
     24.7 T/TCP: A TCP Extension for Transactions
     24.8 TCP Performance
     24.9 Summary
     Exercises

25. SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
     25.1 Introduction
     25.2 Protocol
     25.3 Structure of Management Information
     25.4 Object Identifiers
     25.5 Introduction to the Management Information Base
     25.6 Instance Identification
     25.7 Simple Examples
     25.8 Management Information Base (Continued)
     25.9 Additional Examples
     25.10 Traps
     25.11 ASN.1 and BER
     25.12 SNMP Version 2
     25.13 Summary
     Exercises

26. Telnet and Rlogin: Remote Login
     26.1 Introduction
     26.2 Rlogin Protocol
     26.3 Rlogin Examples
     26.4 Telnet Protocol
     26.5 Telnet Examples
     26.6 Summary
     Exercises

27. FTP: File Transfer Protocol
     27.1 Introduction
     27.2 FTP Protocol
     27.3 FTP Examples
     27.4 Summary
     Exercises

28. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
     28.1 Introduction
     28.2 SMTP Protocol
     28.3 SMTP Examples
     28.4 SMTP Futures
     28.5 Summary
     Exercises

29. NFS: Network File System
     29.1 Introduction
     29.2 Sun Remote Procedure Call
     29.3 XDR: External Data Representation
     29.4 Port Mapper
     29.5 NFS Protocol
     29.6 NFS Examples
     29.7 NFS Version 3
     29.8 Summary
     Exercises

30. Other TCP/IP Applications
     30.1 Introduction
     30.2 Finger Protocol
     30.3 Whois Protocol
     30.4 Archie, WAIS, Gopher, Veronica, and WWW
     30.5 X Window System
     30.6 Summary
     Exercises

A. The tcpdump Program
     A.1 BSD Packet Filter
     A.2 SunOS Network Interface Tap
     A.3 SVR4 Data Link Provider Interface
     A.4 tcpdump Output
     A.5 Security Considerations
     A.6 Socket Debug Option

B. Computer Clocks

C. The sock Program

D. Solutions to Selected Exercises
     Chapter 1
     Chapter 3
     Chapter 4
     Chapter 5
     Chapter 6
     Chapter 7
     Chapter 8
     Chapter 9
     Chapter 10
     Chapter 11
     Chapter 12
     Chapter 13
     Chapter 14
     Chapter 15
     Chapter 16
     Chapter 17
     Chapter 18
     Chapter 19
     Chapter 20
     Chapter 21
     Chapter 22
     Chapter 23
     Chapter 24
     Chapter 25
     Chapter 26
     Chapter 27
     Chapter 28
     Chapter 29
     Chapter 30

E. Configurable Options
     E.1 BSD/386 Version 1.0
     E.2 SunOS 4.1.3
     E.3 System V Release 4
     E.4 Solaris 2.2
     E.5 AIX 3.2.2
     E.6 4.4BSD

F. Source Code Availability
     RFCs ( Section 1.11 )
     BSD Net/2 Source Code ( Section 1.14 )
     SLIP ( Section 2.4 )
     icmpaddrmask Program ( Section 6.3 )
     icmptime Program ( Section 6.4 )
     ping Program ( Chapter 7 )
     traceroute Program ( Chapter 8 )
     Router Discovery Daemon ( Section 9.6 )
     gated Daemon ( Section 10.3 )
     traceroute.pmtu Program ( Section 11.7 )
     IP Multicasting Software ( Chapter 13 )
     BIND Name Server ( Chapter 14 )
     host Program ( Chapter 14 )
     dig and doc Programs ( Chapter 14 )
     BOOTP Server ( Chapter 16 )
     TCP High-Speed Extensions ( Chapter 24 )
     ISODE SNMP Manager and Agent ( Chapter 25 )
     MIME Software and Examples ( Section 28.4 )
     Sun RPC ( Section 29.2 )
     Sun NFS ( Chapter 29 )
     tcpdump Program ( Appendix A )
     BSD Packet Filter ( Section A.1 )
     sock Program ( Appendix C )
     ttcp Program
     Author-Written Software

Bibliography