R&D (research and development), 137, 501
R&M (reliability and maintainability), 345
building and installing, 352 “353
concepts, 349 “350
bookshelf data stage of, 349
manufacturing process selection stage in, 350
preventive maintenance needs analysis stage in, 350
conversion/decommission of, 353
Department of Defense standards, 337 “342
developing and designing, 350 “352
and DFSS (design for six sigma), 364 “365
implementing, 346 “347
key definitions in, 362 “364
objectives of, 346
operations and support of, 353
phases in, 346
plans, 364
sequence and timing of, 348 “349
targets, 364
tools and measures, 347 “348, 354 “361
Random variable approach, 632
Random variables
constant raised to power of, 653
division of, 651 “652
exponential of, 652 “653
functions of, 651
logarithm of, 653 “654
powers of, 652
in systems failure analysis, 632
Taylor series of, 650
Ranking teams , 473 “474, 477
Rate of change of failure (ROCOF), 294 “295
Rate of occurrence, 425 “426
Ratings, for partnering process, 17 “19
Rating services, 147, 695
Ratio analysis, 688 “691
coverage ratios, 692
earning ratios, 693 “695
leverage ratios, 692
liquidity ratios, 691 “692
return ratios, 693 “695
Raw materials, 152 “153, 487
Rayleigh distribution, 641
RCA (root cause analysis), 255, 364
Reactive systems, in mistake proofing, 216
Reciprocating tube hopper feeders, 207
Reengineering, 511
conference method, 513 “515
and DFSS (design for six sigma), 516 “517
OOAD (object oriented analysis and design), 515 “516
process redesign in, 511 “512
restructuring approach, 512 “513
Regression analysis, 711, 718
Regulatory requirements review, 259 “260
Relationship matrix, 76, 82, 201
Reliability, 287
block diagrams, 323 “325
costs of unreliability, 296 “297
and customer satisfaction, 292 “293
definition of, 364
in design, 296 “297
design, 313
as a dimension of product quality, 112
DOE (design of experiments) in applications, 335 “336
environmental conditions profile, 289 “290
of equipment, 292
exponential distribution in, 618
gamma distribution in, 627
growth, 364
growth plots, 361
and hazard functions, 634 “635
improving through parameter design, 336 “337
indicators of, 290
and maintainability. see R&M (reliability and maintainability)
parallel, 323 “325
probability of, 287 “288, 621
and quality, 291 “295
reliability numbers , 290
series, 323 “325
specified, 312
specified conditions, 289
specified time period of, 288 “289
system, 324
in TDP (technology deployment process), 298 “300
visions in, 323
Reliability Analysis Center, 339 “340
Reliability demonstration tests, 312 “313
attributes tests, 313 “314
fixed-sample tests, 314 “316
operating characteristic curve, 313
sequential tests, 314, 317 “318, 321 “322
variables tests, 314, 318 “320
Reliability function, 632 “633
Reliability relationships, 632
Reliability standards, 338
Reliability tests, 300
accelerated testing, 305
objectives of, 301 “302
planning, 301
sudden-death testing, 302 “304
Repair
active repair time, 293
as internal failure cost, 490
planning, 41, 238
Replacement cost, 704
in calculating depreciation, 687
vs. current value, 680
Research and development (R&D), 137, 501
Resource requirements, 151
Return on assets. see ROA
Return on assets managed (ROAM), 695
Return on equity. see ROE
Return on gross assets (ROGA), 695
Return on investment. see ROI
Return on net assets (RONA), 695
Return on net capital employed (RONCE), 694
Return on sales (ROS), 694
Revenues, 668
in annual reports , 671
and costs, 711
in price-volume analysis, 707
rating, 696
Revised RPN (risk priority number), 283 “284
Revolving hook hopper feeders, 207
Risk priority number. see RPN
Risks, 696
and axiomatic design, 546
calculating, 251 “253
consumer's risk, 313
and earnings, 693
in manufacturing, 195
in product development, 195
in projects, 612 “613
rating, 696
reducing, 267, 275 “276
ROA (return on assets), 694
as measure in TOC (theory of constraints), 462
in modified duPont formula, 704 “705
in project management, 610
ROAM (return on assets managed), 695
Robert Morris Associates Annual Statement Summary , 157
ROCOF (rate of change of failure), 294 “295
ROE (return on equity), 694
calculating, 708 “709
in modified duPont formula, 704 “705
ROGA (return on gross assets), 695
ROI (return on investment), 693 “694
average rate of return, 708 “709
as measure in TOC (theory of constraints), 462
and net profits, 459 “460
payback period method, 708
and pricing, 119
and productivity, 459 “460
in project management, 610 “611
and quality, 119
Roman Catholic Church, 672
Rome Air Development Center (RADC), 469 “470
RONA (return on net assets), 695
RONCE (return on net capital employed), 694
Root cause analysis (RCA), 255, 364
ROS (return on sales), 694
Rotary centerboard hopper feeders, 207
RPN (risk priority number), 251 “253
calculating, 267, 275
and characteristic/root causes of failure, 276
in machinery FMEA, 282 “283
revised, 283 “284
Rust inhibitors /undercoatings, 289