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Panel technique, 213
Paradigm shift, 12, 153
Parametric statistics, 190
Pareto
charts, 34
diagrams, 157
principle, 178, 275
Part defects, 108
Part submission warrant (PSW), 114
Pbar, 77–78
P-diagram (parameter diagram), 113, 156, 158
PDS(C)A methodology, 31
Perceived risk, 108
Pilot implementation, 39
Plan
for control, 113, 198
for data collection, 16, 34–36, 57, 214
maintenance, plan, 202
MSA long-term, 40
reaction, 40–41
sample, 213
simple, 272
synthesized implementation process, 272
See also Planning
Plan-do-check-act (PDCA) model, 246
Planning
for emergency response, 238, 239–40, 244
integrated, 126
flexibility, 125
long-range, 146
mass-production, 189
materials requirements planning (MRP), 105
quality, 185, 177
repair, 107
strategic, 17–21
See also Plan
Poka-yoke
benefits of, 93
defined, 92
in DCOV model, 158
examples of elements, 101–3
generic error-proofing process, 97
generic mistake-proofing process, 98–101
human error and, 93
See also Error proofing, Mistake proofing
Polaroid, 5
Population standard deviation, 72; 73
Precision distribution, 89, 90, 91
Prevention
costs, 132
of errors, 92
of failures, 107
Prioritization methods, 39, 107
Probability theory, 143
Problem
eliminating, 124
not worth fixing, 154
preventing, 124
solving, 138, 139–40
statement, 15–16, 33
Process
auditing, 216
benchmarking, 48
continual improvements, 233
controller, 92
flow diagrams, 112–13, 122
hazard analysis, 235–40
mapping, 32–33, 39, 206–8, 276
six major possibilities, 117
six sigma implementation, 275–76
teams, 69
typical, 54
variation, 63–64
Process behavior assessment
process control charts, 60–62
process variation, 63–64
Process capability
baseline measures, 34
formula, 83
six sigma requirement, 2
Process control
charts, 60–62
product control and, 54–56, 64
Process instabilities. See Variability
Product control
process control and, 54–56, 64
Product liability, 108–9. See also Legal considerations
Product Liability Directive of the European Community in 1985, 109
Production part approval process (PPAP), 181–82
Production ramp-up, 198
Profitability, 25
Program safety management (PSM), 232–41
Project
charter, 33
objective, 15–16
six sigma meaning of, 124
status values, 207–8
Project management
best situation for use, 126–27
black belt in, 124
defined, 124
dependencies, 125
executive role in, 127
failure factors, 128–30
full-time, 127–28
human aspect of, 127
integrated planning in, 126
promulgation in, 131
six sigma requirements, 128
size of project, 127
success factors, 130–31
usufructuary in, 131
See also Black belt; Management
Proportion defective formula, 22
PSM sigma metric, 241, 246–47
Public Service Commission, 230
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