I - J

I–J

Indexing Service

Software that provides search functions for documents stored on disk, allowing users to search for specific document text or properties.

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)

A bus design specification that allows components to be added as cards plugged into standard expansion slots in IBM Personal Computers and IBM-compatible computers.

infrastructure master

A domain controller that holds the infrastructure operations master role in Active Directory. The infrastructure master updates the group-to-user reference whenever group memberships change and replicates these changes across the domain. At any time, the infrastructure master role can be assigned to only one domain controller in each domain.

See also Active Directory.

See also domain controller.

See also operations master.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

A digital phone line used to provide higher bandwidth. ISDN in North America is typically available in two forms: Basic Rate Interface (BRI) consists of 2 B-channels at 64 kilobits per second (Kbps) and a D-channel at 16 Kbps; Primary Rate Interface (PRI) consists of 23 B-channels at 64 Kbps and a D-channel at 64 Kbps. An ISDN line must be installed by the phone company at both the calling site and the called site.

interface

In networking, a logical device over which packets can be sent and received. In the Routing and Remote Access administrative tool, it is a visual representation of the network segment that can be reached over the LAN or WAN adapters. Each interface has a unique name.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

A distance vector IP routing protocol developed by Cisco Systems, Inc.

See also Internet Protocol (IP).

Internet Authentication Service (IAS)

The Microsoft implementation of a Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server, which provides authentication and accounting for network access, and proxy, which provides forwarding of RADIUS messages.

See also authentication.

See also Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS).

See also virtual private network (VPN).

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A required maintenance protocol in the TCP/IP suite that reports errors and provides simple diagnostic capabilities. ICMP is used by the Ping tool to perform TCP/IP troubleshooting.

See also Internet Protocol (IP).

See also Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

An open community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. Technical work is performed by working groups organized by topic areas (such as routing, transport, and security) and through mailing lists. Internet standards are developed in IETF Requests for Comments (RFCs), which are a series of notes that discuss many aspects of computing and computer communication, focusing on networking protocols, programs, and concepts.

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

A protocol used by Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) hosts to report their multicast group memberships to any immediately neighboring multicast routers.

Internet Information Services (IIS)

Software services that support Web site creation, configuration, and management, along with other Internet functions. Internet Information Services include Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Internet Key Exchange (IKE)

A protocol that establishes the security association and shared keys necessary for two parties to communicate by using Internet Protocol security (IPSec).

See also Internet Protocol security (IPSec).

Internet Protocol (IP)

A routable protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite that is responsible for IP addressing, routing, and the fragmentation and reassembly of IP packets.

See also packet.

See also Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

Internet Protocol security (IPSec)

A set of industry-standard, cryptography-based protection services and protocols. IPSec protects all protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite except Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). For virtual private network (VPN) connections, IPSec is used in conjunction with Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP).

See also Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).

See also Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP).

See also Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

See also virtual private network (VPN).

Internet service provider (ISP)

A company that provides individuals or companies access to the Internet and the World Wide Web. An ISP provides a telephone number, a user name, a password, and other connection information so users can connect their computers to the ISP's computers. An ISP typically charges a monthly or hourly connection fee.

Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)

A network protocol native to NetWare that controls addressing and routing of packets within and between local area networks (LANs). IPX does not guarantee that a message will be complete (no lost packets).

See also local area network (LAN).

IP address

For Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), a 32-bit address used to identify an interface on a node on an IPv4 internetwork. Each interface on the IP internetwork must be assigned a unique IPv4 address, which is made up of the network ID, plus a unique host ID. This address is typically represented with the decimal value of each octet separated by a period (for example, 192.168.7.27). You can configure the IP address statically or dynamically by using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

For Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), an identifier that is assigned at the IPv6 layer to an interface or set of interfaces and that can be used as the source or destination of IPv6 packets.

See also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

See also Internet Protocol (IP).

See also node.

See also scope.