Tool 122: Observation


AKA

N/A

Classification

Data Collecting (DC)

Tool description

The observation technique is a direct and real-time method to determine and collect facts and data currently existing in a given workplace or situation.

Observations and interview responses are systematically recorded on a worksheet or form specifically developed for documenting the information. No assumptions or speculations are made by the observer during data collection. Observations often serve as background data for problem-solving or process-improvement efforts.

Typical application

  • To obtain current data to verify existing problems or performance discrepancies.

  • To collect performance data needed by a team to continue the problem-solving process.

  • To study actual operations on location in order to fully document the process.

  • To validate historical data used in recent research activities.

Problem-solving phase

Select and define problem or opportunity

Identify and analyze causes or potential change

Develop and plan possible solutions or change

Implement and evaluate solution or change

Measure and report solution or change results

Recognize and reward team efforts

Typically used by

2

Research/statistics

Creativity/innovation

Engineering

Project management

Manufacturing

Marketing/sales

Administration/documentation

Servicing/support

1

Customer/quality metrics

3

Change management

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links to other tools

before

  • Data Collection Strategy

  • Sampling Methods

  • Audience Analysis

  • Checklist

  • Time Study Sheet

after

  • Frequency Distribution (FD)

  • Checksheet

  • Activity analysis

  • Opportunity Analysis

  • Problem Specification

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Notes and key points

  • A multipurpose observation form or worksheet should be used to record observed technical data, work activities, process interactions or interview responses.

  • An ideal data collection technique if information filtering needs to be avoided.

Step-by-step procedure

  • STEP 1 First, review practices and procedures, job descriptions and work instructions, or product/service information relevant to the workplace or situation to be observed.

  • STEP 2 Discuss observation schedule, time and place, who and what will be observed with the appropriate managers or process owners.

  • STEP 3 Using a prepared observation worksheet or form, record observations. See example Types of Observations—Worksheets.

  • STEP 4 Lastly, examine recorded information, circle key data or events, and write a final report, using the observation worksheet as an attachment.

  • STEP 5 Date all observation worksheets.

Example of tool application

Types of Observations—Worksheets

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Six Sigma Tool Navigator(c) The Master Guide for Teams
Six Sigma Tool Navigator: The Master Guide for Teams
ISBN: 1563272954
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2005
Pages: 326

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