PFSS (Process for Six Sigma)


Many would remember Shewhart's Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle as part of the toolbox for TQM. A more refined process is used within Six Sigma's DMAIC roadmap, which consists of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control stages. Simply put, Six Sigma teams use this roadmap to complete every quality or process improvement project. The team:

  • Defines the customer's "Wants" and/or satisfaction measures

  • Measures how existing processes perform

  • Analyzes data that points to root causes of problems

  • Improves processes by reducing variability and cycle time

  • Controls improved processes by anchoring them in place with new metrics or controls

In order to research for the appropriate tools, the author has prepared a "Six Sigma DFSS and PFSS Tools Listing" for the reader (p.XX). This selection identifies, via a simplified cross-reference, the tools deemed right for the DMAIC stages. it is of importance to note here that several tools will perform similarly; it may be necessary for the reader to consider several tools and then select one that fits best in the situation at hand.

A brief description of the DMAIC roadmap stages will help to illustrate a few examples of tools used:

Define:

Problem Specification, Process Mapping, Potential Problem Analysis, System Analysis (SIPOC), Voice of the Customer tools such as House of Quality (QFD),
Customer-First-Questions, Customer Needs Table, Five Whys, Information Needs Analysis, Objectives Matrix (OMAX), Problem Analysis, Value Analysis.

Measure:

Data Collection Strategy, Process Capability Ratios, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Benchmarking, Cycle Time Flowchart, Basili Data Collection Method, Checksheet, Cost of Quality, Descriptive Statistics, Measurement Matrix, SWOT Analysis, Competency Gap Assessment, Customer Satisfaction Analysis.

Analyze:

Pareto chart, Correlation/Regression, Variance Analysis, Activity Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Conjoint Analysis, Cycle Time Flowchart, Force Field Analysis, Matrix Data Analysis, Multivariate Chart, Opportunity Analysis, Potential Problem Analysis, Stimulus Analysis, Importance Weighting, Cause and Effect Diagram.

Improve:

Factor Analysis, Checkerboard Method, Comparison Matrix, Criteria Filtering, Problem Selection Matrix, Problem Analysis, Process Flowchart, Process Selection Matrix, SCAMPER, Solution Matrix, Value Analysis, What-If Analysis, Work Flow Analysis, Attribute Listing, Defect Map, Why/How Charting.

Control:

Control Charts, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Objectives Matrix (OMAX), Process Capability Ratios, Trend and Run Charts, Yield Chart, Stratum Chart, Quality Chart, Point-Scoring Evaluation, Monthly Assessment Schedule, Major Program Status, Basili Data Collection, Checklist, Checksheet, Balance Sheet.

This book, the Six Sigma Tool Navigator, contains many additional tools for every stage of the DMAIC roadmap. The reader should refer to the "Six Sigma DFSS and PFSS Tools Listing" and then find the selected tools in the "Six Sigma Tools: Tools-Strings Examples" section in this book.

Section References

Breyfogle, F. W. (1999, August). Implementing Six Sigma. The Management Forum (111).

Bruce, G. (2000). Six Sigma for Managers. New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 80.

Chowdhury, S. (2000). Design for Six Sigma. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Publishing, p.23.

Eckes, G. (2001). The Six Sigma Revolution. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 244–262.

Eckes, G. (2003). Six Sigma Team Dynamics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p.3.

Eckes, G. (2001). Making Six Sigma last. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 61–62.

Harry, M. J. (2000, July). Abatement of Business Risk is Key to Six Sigma. Quality Progress (75).

Harry, M. & Schroeder, R. (2000). Six Sigma — The breakthrough management strategy revolutionizing the world's top corporations. New York: Currency Doubleday, p.9.

Neuscheier-Fritsch, D. & Norris, R. Capturing financial benefits from Six Sigma. Quality Digest (39).

Pande, P. S. & Neuman, R. P., & Cavanagh, R. R. (2000). The Six Sigma Way. New York: McGraw-Hill, p. xi.

Pyzdeck, T. (2002). The Six Sigma Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 234–235.

Shina, S. G. (2000). Six Sigma for electronics design and manufacturing. New York: McGraw-Hill, p.41.

Smith, D., & Lee, J.B. (2002) Strategic Six Sigma. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 44–48.

Snee, R. D. & Heorl, R. W. (2003). Leading Six Sigma. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, pp. 5, 232.

Stamatis, D. H. (2002, May). Guidelines for Six Sigma Design Review — Part Two. Quality Digest (48).

Watson, G. H. (1998, June). Bringing quality to the masses: The miracle of loaves and fishes. Quality Press (16).




Six Sigma Tool Navigator(c) The Master Guide for Teams
Six Sigma Tool Navigator: The Master Guide for Teams
ISBN: 1563272954
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2005
Pages: 326

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