IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) 2nd if function ifeq conditional directive ifneq conditional directive immediate expansion implicit rules 2nd built-in source control and CVS include directive 2nd dependencies and header files optimization include processing --include-dir option incrementing info target initialization, performance and input files, text printing install target installers , reference builds and interfaces, phony targets and intermediate files, chaining rules and .INTERMEDIATE target modifier 2nd invoking make