ranges of estimation, 107–108
communicating, 256–257
confidence intervals, 252–254
estimate refinement and, 177
probabilistic project outcomes, 6–9
width of, 18
ratio-based estimation approach, 60
Rational Unified Process (RUP), 79
RE (risk exposure), 246
recalibrating after missed milestones, 175–179
recomposition. See decomposition
reducing bias. See bias and subjectivity
reestimating. See flow of estimates
refining estimates. See calibration
rejection of estimates, 262
relative error, 110
remembering old estimates, 51
removing defects from software, 242–245
reporting estimates, 249–257
assumption communication, 249–251
expressing uncertainty, 251–255
ranges, 256–257
Requirements Complete phase, 35, 39. See also Cone of Uncertainty
iterative development, 40–41
unstable project requirements, 42, 247
requirements omitted from estimates, 44–46, 110
software to account for, 160
requirements, project
creating, effort for, 234, 239
unstable (creeping), 42, 247
requirements omitted from estimates, 44–46, 110
software to account for, 160
responsibilities, project-related
allocating effort to, 233–238
checklists, 110
defect production estimates, 241
granularity of, 106, 116
overall best/worst case, creating, 120–126
overlooked in estimates, 44–46, 110
reviews of estimates, 111, 149–150. See also structured expert judgment
comparing estimates to actuals, 110–112
with estimation software, 162
of project size, 205
sanity checking, 162, 271
with standardized estimation, 192
risk and contingency buffers, 245–247, 251–252
risk information, obtaining early, 28
risk quantification, 251–252
RUP (Rational Unified Process), 79