D

data

calibrating with. See calibration

comparing estimates to actuals, 110–112

counted, 84–86

computing estimates from, 86–88

function points, 200

stage-gate processes, 187

estimation software requirements, 162

historical, 91–98

accuracy with, 91–95

averages of, determining, 136

collecting, effort of, 235

comparing to past projects. See analogy, estimation by

estimation software with, 158

expert judgment vs., 89

what to collect, 95–98

industry averages, 91, 100–102

defect production, 242

effort graphs, 210–216

ISBSG method, 216–218

project data, 91, 99

dates. See schedules (calendar)

debating estimates, 172

debugging considerations, 241–245

decomposition, 113–126

estimating project size with, 205

granularity of estimated tasks, 116

work breakdown structures for. See WBS

defect measures, data on, 95, 97

defect production and removal, 241–245

defining product. See Product Definition phase

delivery

confidence factors, 252–254

evolutionary delivery, 79

promises of. See commitments

staged, 79

targets, 3, 173, 269

communicating about, 4–6

determining if realistic, 13

Delphi technique, 150–155

density of errors, project size and, 242

Detailed Design Complete phase, 35, 39. See also Cone of Uncertainty

developer-to-tester ratios, 237

development effort, 207–219

with fuzzy logic, 138

with industry average data, 210–216

influences on, 207–208

from project size, 209–210

software for, 158

development language, influence on estimates, 64–65, 247

development process

controlling. See project control

stage-gate processes, 182–185

stages of, 80

counting, 85

development style, 78–79

direct costs, 241

discussing estimates. See communication; principled negotiation

diseconomies of scale, 56–61, 70

effort estimates, 208

modeling after historical data, 99

software to account for, 160

when unimportant, 60

documenting estimation processes, 182

assumptions, 249–251

doubt, expressing, 251–255

Dutch method of function-point estimation, 203, 205

Dutch Method's Indicative Function Point Count Formula (Equation #8), 203