C - calibration
The process of creating an accurate color profile for a device. Calibrating a device ensures accurate color translation from device to device. See also device characterization.
- camera
A photographic device usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one end and either light-sensitive film or a digital image sensor at the other. See also digital point-and-shoot camera, digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera.
- capture
Taking an image received by the digital image sensor and storing it on the capture card in the camera. See also camera, capture card, digital image sensor.
- capture card
The device in the camera on which the digital images are stored. See also camera, capture.
- center-weighted metering
A type of metering that measures the light in the entire viewfinder but gives extra emphasis to the center of the frame. Center-weighted metering is the most common type of metering in consumer cameras. See also light meter.
- channel
This term refers to a color channel when used with regard to digital images. Color and transparency information for digital images is divided into channels. Each channel represents one of the three primary colors that combine to represent colors in the final image. The bit-depth of each is usually 8 bits, for 256 levels of color or transparency. See also bit-depth, color depth.
- Charged-Coupled Device (CCD)
A type of digital image sensor that records pixel information row by row. See also complementary metal oxide semiconductor, digital image sensor.
- close-up
An image in which the subject usually appears within three feet of the camera. Head shots are often referred to as close-ups.
- CMYK
A subtractive color space used for print pieces combining varying proportions of cyan, magenta, and yellow inks to create a color that reflects the proper color of light. Black ink (K) is added to the image last to generate pure black on the page.
- color depth
The possible range of colors that can be used in an image. Digital images generally provide three choices: grayscale, 8-bit, and 16-bit. See also bit-depth, channel.
- color interpolation
The calculation of additional color values by the digital image sensor, which measures the levels of red, green, and blue.
- color management system
An application that controls and interprets the reproduction of color between devices and software for accuracy. See also ColorSync.
- color space
A model that represents part of the visible spectrum. Color from one device is mapped from the device-specific value to a device-independent value in a color space. Once in an independent space, the color can be mapped to another device-specific space. See also device independent.
- color temperature
Describes the color quality of light. Color temperature is measured in kelvins (K). See also kelvin (K), white balance.
- colorimeter
An instrument that measures the color value of a sample, using color filters. A colorimeter can determine if two colors are the same, but it does not take into account the light under which a sample is measured. Colorimeters are often used to calibrate displays. See also calibration.
- colorimetry
The science of measuring color objectively and perceptively.
- ColorSync
A color management system that has been part of the Mac operating system for about ten years. In Mac OS X, ColorSync is thoroughly integrated with the entire operating system.
- ColorSync Utility
A centralized application for setting preferences, viewing installed profiles, assigning profiles to devices, and repairing profiles that do not conform to the current ICC specification.
- Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE)
A organization established in 1931 to create standards for a series of color spaces representing the visible spectrum of light. See also color space, device independent, LAB plot.
- "compare" image
In Aperture, the photo against which other candidates are compared when a "select" image or stack pick is being chosen.
- compare mode
An advanced method of evaluating one image against other images. Accessed through the Viewer mode, it can select any image (which it then indicates by a yellow border) against which other images can be compared.
- Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
A type of digital image sensor capable of recording the entire image provided by the pixels in parallel (essentially all at once), resulting in a higher rate of data transfer to the storage device. See also charged-coupled device (CCD), digital image sensor.
- compositing
A process in which two or more digital images are combined into one. See also effects.
- composition
The arrangement of elements in a scene.
- compression
The process by which digital image files are reduced in size. Lossy compression refers to the reduction of file sizes through the removal of redundant or less important image data. Lossless compression reduces file sizes by mathematically consolidating redundant image data without discarding it. See also LZW compression.
- contact sheet
A print preset in Aperture that provides a selection of thumbnail-sized images with or without associated metadata. Contact sheets in Aperture are similar in appearance to contact prints made by exposing negatives against photographic paper.
- contrast
The difference between the lightest and darkest values in an image. The difference is greater in high-contrast images than in low-contrast images, which can look "flat." See also density, flat.
- crop
Trimming part of an original image. Cropping an image usually results in a more effective composition. See also effects.
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