List of Figures

Preface

A reliable and robust instrument.
Sociological wide-angle lens—FD 28 mm 1:2.8 for contextual user comprehension.
Lab test extension tubes—extension tube set M20 for optimizing critical details.
Iterative instant camera—Polaroid for design iterations and discussion.
Heuristic flash—740-1 for decision heuristics.

Introduction—Mobile Distinctions

Figure I.1: The path of reasoning from portability to user understanding.

Part 1: Dominant Design in Mobile User Interfaces

Figure 1. The number of display texts reflects the number of software features. This figure is given per language, and it does not contain help texts. Since Nokia 6110, the software has also contained graphics, and individual texts are generally longer in the later models, so the differences in actual amount of software content are in fact somewhat greater than what numbers alone would suggest. Weights and volumes assume standard battery power.

Chapter 1: User Interface Styles

Figure 1.1: Series 30 style.
Figure 1.2: Navi-key style.
Figure 1.3: Original Series 30 calendar.
Figure 1.4: Series 40 calendar.
Figure 1.5: The usability knee.
Figure 1.6: UI style evolution.
Figure 1.7: Navi-roller UI style.
Figure 1.8: Series 45 UI style with three labeled softkeys.
Figure 1.9: Arabic short message service.

Chapter 2: Takeout Menu—The Elements of a Nokia Mobile User Interface

Figure 2.1: User interface module of the Apollo Guidance Computer. The right-hand display panel contains seven-segment numeric displays; the left-hand panel is for warning lights. The computer itself was housed in another, larger unit. Two of these were launched into space for each lunar mission: one in the command module, another in the lunar module.
Figure 2.2: One of the first hand portable mobile phones, the Mobira Cityman 900.
Figure 2.3: A status icon in a Navi-key or Series 30 style is just 6 pixels high; the width can vary. This few pixels means efficient screen usage, but it also calls for minimalist graphic design. One can almost say that when drawing such a small icon, it’s possible to try all possibilities, although 249 is really too large a number to do it literally. Some metaphors just don’t work in such a tiny space.
Figure 2.4: Applications menu in Series 30 style.
Figure 2.5: Series 60 option list
Figure 2.6: Examples of mobile phone menu layouts. Our approach aims at giving the hierarchical levels distinctive appearances to help users navigate the menu. This can usually be done, although the available means are limited. In some cases, the designer’s options are restricted by the content; if the menu item texts can’t be truncated to a couple of short words, the designer may need to choose a menu style that is not “correct” for the hierarchical level. Usually the design should prefer full-screen items in the top levels and switch to layouts with smaller items in deeper levels, but well-argumented exceptions to this do exist.
Figure 2.7: The label of a softkey identifies the current function of the key very clearly.
Figure 2.8: Shortcuts associated with key 5. Nokia phones are bubbling with shortcuts, but it depends on which one(s) the user applies. The shortcuts provided depend on the current status. In the idle screen, in phonebook scrolling, and in text entry state the shortcuts change accordingly to allow efficient operation for those who take the trouble to learn to use them. The figure lists the possible shortcuts that are related or can be associated with key 5.
Figure 2.9: There can be radical differences in the appearance and length of texts that are translated into many languages.
Figure 2.10: World map illustrating all areas with currently localized languages.

Chapter 3: The Navi-key Story

Figure 3.1: Screenshot picture of the first Navi-key simulation.
Figure 3.2: Hardware prototype of Navi-key UI style made by modifying Nokia 2148 phones.
Figure 3.3: The first Navi-key phone, Nokia 3110, was introduced in 1996.
Figure 3.4: The test comparing the Navi-key UI 3110, the 2110i benchmark for ease of use, and the user’s own current phone. The 3110 Navi-key phone scored as a clear preference in terms of overall ease of use.

Chapter 4: Indian Needs—Cultural End-User Research in Mombai

Indian cities are noisy and crowded; you can hear traffic noise, car horns, and people talking, shouting, and selling everyday goods. People cover one of their ears with a hand so that they can hear when talking on a phone. Additionally, people need to use a hand in front of the mouth to cover the space between the mouth and the phone to protect from background noise.
In India amulets are commonly used. This amulet is made of lemon and chilies, and it is used for expelling bad spirits.
This is a gift to Lord Ganesha. Lord Ganesha, perhaps the most loved deity in Hinduism, is a symbol of knowledge and "auspicious beginnings.” He is prayed to before the beginning of venture to ask for his blessings.
The author organizing observation results.

Chapter 5: Usability Meets Sociology for Richer Consumer Studies

Sketches drawn in 2000 for scenario manuscripts in a Nokia Research Center project that addressed future group communication services. [By Keinonen (2000).]
More situation sketches. [By Keinonen (2000).]
Figure 5.1:   Products keep changing after the original launch phase. [From Pantzar10]

Chapter 7: The One-Row Keyboard—A Case Study in Mobile Text Input

Figure 7.1:   The ITU-T standard telephone keypad (model Nokia 5110).
Figure 7.2:   Illustration of the one-row keyboard.
Figure 7.3: The first one-row prototype. The keypad is designed for touch-typing, having a 16-mm key pitch. The total width of the keypad is 160 mm.
Figure 7.4: The second one-row prototype. We give up on the idea of touch-typing and reduce the key pitch to 12.5 mm. The total width is now 134 mm.
Figure 7.5: Typing speed during the evaluation with regular T9 and with the one-row keyboard.

Chapter 8: Series 60 Voice Mailbox in Rome—A Case Study of a Paper Prototyping Tour

Figure 8.1: Horizontal and vertical functionality in a prototype. All features of the user interface are presented in a nonspecific manner. The most critical features are prototyped in more detail.
Figure 8.2: Prototype screen prints organized in a folder
Figure 8.3: Cardboard prototype with color printing
Figure 8.4:  Modifications in display pictures.
Figure 8.5: The distribution of different types of results in a paper prototyping test.
Figure 8.6: Observed usability problems and mapping to the Dumash–Redish classification.7
Figure 8.7: The process of preparing an international usability test round.
Figure 8.8: The amount of work (expressed as working days) needed to arrange and conduct an international test tour.

Chapter 9: 1⁄4 Samara—Hardware Prototyping a Driving Simulator

Figure 9.1: Modified Navi-key-style UI controls on the gearshift knob.
Figure 9.2: The Samara is ready for the track.
Figure 9.3   Another view of the Samara is ready for the track.
Figure 9.4: The condition of Samara’s cabin at the time of the writing test. The writing task was done using a Nokia 5110 phone, which was connected to a PC to produce voice feedback and to control the display. The buttons on the steering wheel and the LCD displays are in the cabin for other tests.
Figure 9.5: The duration of straying from the driving lane during the writing task. The bar on the left indicates the duration of straying when the writing task is not supported with voice feedback, which is the situation with today’s phones. The bar on the right indicates the situation where writing is supported with voice feedback on a letter level, word level, and sentence level. The duration of straying has decreased by more than half.

Chapter 10: Dawn on the Wireless Multimedia Highway

Figure 10.1: MOMENTS project overview.
Figure 10.2: Development phases of wireless multimedia enabling technology.
Figure 10.3:  MOMENTS mobile client prototype: Hewlett-Packard 800 series laptop with Pentium 100-MHz processor and VGA 256 colors display; and a Nokia 8110 GSM phone.
Figure 10.4: Wireless multimedia services used in MOMENTS field trials. Advanced services developed especially for mobile use are denoted by red text.
Figure 10.5: Milan-area traffic service sample screens.
Figure 10.6: Quality evaluation model of MOMENTS services.9
Figure 10.7: The ratings of services in different countries reflect the differences in service implementation. Overall rating on developed mobile services in Italy was clearly more positive than that of a selection of public services provided in the United Kingdom.

Chapter 11: Just-In-Time Usability Engineering

Figure 11.1: Just-in-time usability in the product creation process.

Chapter 12: The Expressive Interface

Figure 12.1: 3310 phone menu hierarchy illustration.
Scenario sketches drawn in a project aiming at concepts for short distance wireless communication. (Keinonen 2000.)



Mobile Usability(c) How Nokia Changed the Face of the Mobile Phone
Mobile Usability: How Nokia Changed the Face of the Mobile Phone
ISBN: 0071385142
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2005
Pages: 142

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