Notes

1. Jane Linder, ‘‘Spark Learning with Engaging Experiences,’’ Accenture Institute for Strategic Change research report, March 1999.

2. Mike Dennis, ‘‘Beware the Black Swan,’’ SG Equity Research, May 30, 2001.

3. ‘‘Case Study: Going Gangbuster at Sainsbury’s,’’ Retail Week, April 25, 2003.

4. A-76 is the U.S. government circular that governs most outsourcing. It stipulates that government employees have the opportunity to compete with the private sector for the right to perform functions that are declared noninherently governmental. Private-sector firms must first win this competition before they can be awarded outsourcing contracts.

5. Stan Soloway, ‘‘Buy Lines: Straight Talk about Fed Employees, Competitive Sourcing,’’ Washington Technology 17, No. 24 (March 24, 2003), www.washingtontechnology.com.

6. Personal interview, September 18, 2001.

7. William Eggers, ‘‘Interview,’’ Government Technology, September 1997, www.govtech.net.

8. ‘‘Curtain Up on Eurotunnel,’’ Glasgow Herald, April 30, 1994, p. 10.

9. M. Tyre and W. Orlikowski, ‘‘Windows of Opportunity: Temporal Patterns of Technological Adaptation in Organizations,’’ Organizational Science 5, No. 1 (February 1994), pp. 98–118.