The ISO FCAPS model is a major contributor to network management. It is similar to the OSI Reference Model used for internetworking. FCAPS is an acronym for Fault Management, Configuration Management, Accounting Management, Performance Management, and Security Management.
TMN is based on the OSI management framework. Management functions are performed by operations comprised of CMIS primitives.
Processes that manage the information are called management entities. A management entity can take on one of two possible roles: manager or agent. Network manager and agent processes send and receive information (requests and notifications) using CMIP.
The architecture of a network management platform is made up of a common set of management entities end stations and manager stations (used for the analysis of collected network management data).