Introduction

Interaction mode has long been a key factor in user interfaces, and the choice of mode - whether command, direct manipulation, menu, or other kinds - can impact performance, learning, satisfaction, and other variables. In particular, the type of interaction mode can frequently have a significant impact on how quickly or effectively a task is completed, and also on how satisfied the user is with the language and task. There can also be significant differences when the effects of skill level are considered (Shneiderman, 1992, 1997). In this study, two main interaction modes are examined: command language (manual coding) and menu/form fill-in (wizard).