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A variety of identification systems in use on the Web today are designed to provide the same sort of assurance in cyberspace that they offer in the real world. The simplest of the systems are based on usernames and passwords; others are based on special-purpose hardware that can measure unique distinguishing characteristics of different human beings. Finally, there are systems that are based on cryptography, relying on the public key cryptography techniques introduced in earlier chapters.
This chapter presents a survey of the various digital technologies that are available to identify people on and off the Internet. Chapter 7 describes the use of digital certificates and their use in the public key infrastructure (PKI).
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