Typographical Conventions

The following font conventions are used in this book:

Constant width

Is used for method names, function names, variables, and attributes. It is also used for code examples.

Constant width bold

Is used to indicate user input.

Constant width italic

Is used to indicate a replaceable item in code (e.g., filename, where you are supposed to substitute an actual filename).

Italic

Is used for filenames, URLs, hostnames, important words on first mention, and emphasis.

Footnotes

Are used to attach parenthetical notes that you should not read on your first (or perhaps second or third) reading of this book. Sometimes lies are spoken to simplify the presentation, and the footnotes restore the lie to truth. Often the material in the footnote will be advanced material not discussed anywhere else in the book.