We've just seen that line drawing in Java 2D is defined in terms of the more fundamental operation of area filling. In previous examples, we've used the fill( ) method of Graphics2D to fill the interior of a Shape with whatever solid color was previously passed to the setColor( ) method. The Java 2D API generalizes the notion of color, however, and allows you to fill an area using any implementation of the Paint interface. The Paint implementation is responsible for specifying the colors to use in the area-filling (or line-drawing) operation. In Java 1.2 and later, the Color class implements the Paint method, allowing shapes to be filled with solid colors. Java 2D also defines two other Paint implementations: GradientPaint, which fills a shape with a color gradient, and TexturePaint, which fills a shape by tiling an image. These classes can be used to achieve some of the fill effects shown in Figure 12-8. Figure 12-8. Filling shapes with Paint objectsExample 12-10 shows the code that generates Figure 12-8. In addition to using the GradientPaint and TexturePaint classes, this example demonstrates a variety of other Java 2D capabilities: translucent colors, font glyphs as Shape objects that create "text art," an AffineTransform and a translucent color that produce a shadow effect, and a BufferedImage that performs off-screen drawing. Example 12-10 also illustrates the use of GenericPaint, a custom Paint implementation that we'll see in Example 12-18. Example 12-10. Paints.javapackage je3.graphics; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import java.awt.font.*; import java.awt.image.*; /** A demonstration of Java2D transformations */ public class Paints implements GraphicsExample { static final int WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 375; // Size of our example public String getName( ) { return "Paints"; } // From GraphicsExample public int getWidth( ) { return WIDTH; } // From GraphicsExample public int getHeight( ) { return HEIGHT; } // From GraphicsExample /** Draw the example */ public void draw(Graphics2D g, Component c) { // Paint the entire background using a GradientPaint. // The background color varies diagonally from deep red to pale blue g.setPaint(new GradientPaint(0, 0, new Color(150, 0, 0), WIDTH, HEIGHT, new Color(200, 200, 255))); g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); // fill the background // Use a different GradientPaint to draw a box. // This one alternates between deep opaque green and transparent green. // Note: the 4th arg to Color( ) constructor specifies color opacity g.setPaint(new GradientPaint(0, 0, new Color(0, 150, 0), 20, 20, new Color(0, 150, 0, 0), true)); g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(15)); // use wide lines g.drawRect(25, 25, WIDTH-50, HEIGHT-50); // draw the box // The glyphs of fonts can be used as Shape objects, which enables // us to use Java2D techniques with letters just as we would with // any other shape. Here we get some letter shapes to draw. Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 10); // a basic font Font bigfont = // a scaled up version font.deriveFont(AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(30.0, 30.0)); GlyphVector gv = bigfont.createGlyphVector(g.getFontRenderContext( ), "JAV"); Shape jshape = gv.getGlyphOutline(0); // Shape of letter J Shape ashape = gv.getGlyphOutline(1); // Shape of letter A Shape vshape = gv.getGlyphOutline(2); // Shape of letter V // We're going to outline the letters with a 5-pixel wide line g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(5.0f)); // We're going to fake shadows for the letters using the // following Paint and AffineTransform objects Paint shadowPaint = new Color(0, 0, 0, 100); // Translucent black AffineTransform shadowTransform = AffineTransform.getShearInstance(-1.0, 0.0); // Shear to the right shadowTransform.scale(1.0, 0.5); // Scale height by 1/2 // Move to the baseline of our first letter g.translate(65, 270); // Draw the shadow of the J shape g.setPaint(shadowPaint); g.translate(15,20); // Compensate for the descender of the J // transform the J into the shape of its shadow, and fill it g.fill(shadowTransform.createTransformedShape(jshape)); g.translate(-15,-20); // Undo the translation above // Now fill the J shape with a solid (and opaque) color g.setPaint(Color.blue); // Fill with solid, opaque blue g.fill(jshape); // Fill the shape g.setPaint(Color.black); // Switch to solid black g.draw(jshape); // And draw the outline of the J // Now draw the A shadow g.translate(75, 0); // Move to the right g.setPaint(shadowPaint); // Set shadow color g.fill(shadowTransform.createTransformedShape(ashape)); // draw shadow // Draw the A shape using a solid transparent color g.setPaint(new Color(0, 255, 0, 125)); // Transparent green as paint g.fill(ashape); // Fill the shape g.setPaint(Color.black); // Switch to solid back g.draw(ashape); // Draw the outline // Move to the right and draw the shadow of the letter V g.translate(175, 0); g.setPaint(shadowPaint); g.fill(shadowTransform.createTransformedShape(vshape)); // We're going to fill the next letter using a TexturePaint, which // repeatedly tiles an image. The first step is to obtain the image. // We could load it from an image file, but here we create it // ourselves by drawing into an off-screen image. Note that we use // a GradientPaint to fill the off-screen image, so the fill pattern // combines features of both Paint classes. BufferedImage tile = // Create an image new BufferedImage(50, 50, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D tg = tile.createGraphics( ); // Get its Graphics for drawing tg.setColor(Color.pink); tg.fillRect(0, 0, 50, 50); // Fill tile background with pink tg.setPaint(new GradientPaint(40, 0, Color.green, // diagonal gradient 0, 40, Color.gray)); // green to gray tg.fillOval(5, 5, 40, 40); // Draw a circle with this gradient // Use this new tile to create a TexturePaint and fill the letter V g.setPaint(new TexturePaint(tile, new Rectangle(0, 0, 50, 50))); g.fill(vshape); // Fill letter shape g.setPaint(Color.black); // Switch to solid black g.draw(vshape); // Draw outline of letter // Move to the right and draw the shadow of the final A g.translate(160, 0); g.setPaint(shadowPaint); g.fill(shadowTransform.createTransformedShape(ashape)); // For the last letter, use a custom Paint class to fill with a // complex mathematically defined pattern. The GenericPaint // class is defined later in the chapter. g.setPaint(new GenericPaint( ) { public int computeRed(double x, double y) { return 128; } public int computeGreen(double x, double y) { return (int)((Math.sin(x/7) + Math.cos(y/5) + 2)/4 *255); } public int computeBlue(double x, double y) { return ((int)(x*y))%256; } public int computeAlpha(double x, double y) { return ((int)x%25*8+50) + ((int)y%25*8+50); } }); g.fill(ashape); // Fill letter A g.setPaint(Color.black); // Revert to solid black g.draw(ashape); // Draw the outline of the A } } |