2.2. Installing Tiger Assuming that you've taken the time to back up your data and check it to make sure that everything you need is there, it's now time to think about installing Tiger on your Mac. The important word there is "think"; there's nothing wrong with a default Mac OS X installation, it's just that you should really think about how you're going to use your Mac. Are you going to run Classic? If so, you should consider setting up a separate partition in which to install Mac OS 9. Are you going to run more than one version of Mac OS X on your Mac for testing purposes? If so, you'll need separate partitions for them, too. Are you running an application that can benefit from a scratch disk, such as Final Cut Pro or Photoshop? Consider setting aside part of your hard drive as a partition just for that purpose. It won't be as good as a dedicated separate drive, but it's better than nothing.
The next thing you'll need to decide is how you will install Tiger: clean, archive, or (if applicable) upgrade? A clean install is recommended, since it wipes your drive and checks it for errors (and attempts to fix said errors) before installing the operating system. If you opt to archive and install, all the data in the /Users directory will be archived and retained in a buffer during the install, then dropped back into the /Users directory once the installation has completed. Then it's up to you to go back and pull what you want out of the archive and trash the rest. The upgrade option upgrades your existing Mac OS X installation, removing unneeded files, installing new ones, and overwriting old versions with the latest and greatest. This option has the most chance of sullying your new install with problems from your current one.
The archive and install option works well in many cases. However, many people are paranoid enough about software, and how various versions of software interact with each other, that they always go for the clean install. 2.2.1. Partitioning Your Hard Drive If you're planning to partition your hard drive into more than one big partition, you should jot down how big you want those partitions to be. Keep in mind that the largest partition should be used for the system you boot into most. Also keep in mind that re-partitioning your drive erases all the data on it, so be extra sure that you have a good backup and realize that you'll be forced to clean install (which isn't necessarily a bad thing). As an example, say you have a 80 GB drive and you want to have separate partitions for your primary Tiger installation, a test Mac OS X installation (for playing with other versions of the systemsomething that happens all too often in the Running Mac OS X labs), Classic, and a scratch disk for Photoshop. If you aren't going to be using the test installation and Classic for much more than testing, you can get away with devoting a bare minimum of space on this partition. Classic will fit in under 2 GB, and 3 GB will do in a pinch for a Mac OS X installation. You'll also want to size your scratch disk appropriately; for Photoshop work, 2 GB is usually sufficient unless you are working with poster-sized images. So, for this example, the partition scheme for an 80 GB drive might look like that shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1. A sample partition schemePartition | Size | Use |
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1 | 73 | Primary OS installation (Mac OS X Tiger) | 2 | 3 | Test Mac OS X installation | 3 | 2 | Classic | 4 | 2 | Scratch disk |
Once you have decided that you need to partition your drive, you'll need to do it before or during the installation process. You can't wait until after you finish and repartition your drive without losing the data on your drives and having to start all over. To partition your drive during the installation process, follow these steps: Insert the Tiger install DVD and reboot your Mac, holding down the C key as it starts up. From the menu bar, select Utilities  Disk Utility; this launches the Disk Utility program from the installation disc. Click the Partition tab button to the right to examine the partitioning scheme for the hard drive. In the Volume Scheme section, the pop-up menu should probably be set to Current. From this, select the number of partitions you want to create on your hard drive. You can have up to 16 partitions on a single drive. Set up your partitions by either grabbing the slider bar between the partitions in the Volume Scheme side or in the Volume Information section to the right. In the Volume Information section, make sure you install the Mac OS 9 drivers if you plan to install Mac OS 9 to run Classic. Depending on how much space you need for Classic, give yourself at least 2 GB of space (and maybe more if you can) for installing Mac OS 9 and the applications you'll need to run in Classic mode. If you think you'll need more space for Mac OS 9, allocate the amount of space the apps require. When you click on a partition in the Volume Scheme section, details about that partition show up in the Volume Information section, including its Name, Format, and Size. For example, when you set up new partitions, the partitions will have a name of Untitled 1, Untitled 2, and so on. If you want to change the name of a partition, click the partition block in the Volume Scheme section and then give the partition a new name by typing something into the Name field (for example, Tiger). For Mac OS X partitions, set the Format to "Mac OS Extended (Journaled)." For Mac OS 9 partitions, set the Format to "Mac OS Extended." When you're done changing the information in the Volume Information section, click the Partition button. A warning sheet pops up, letting you know that by partitioning, you will destroy all the information on the drive. If you're certain that you have a good backup from which to reload your data, click the Partition button on the sheet to split up your drive.
Your hard drive will be erased, and the drive will be reformatted with the number of partitions you selected. You'll know Disk Utility is done when you see the partitions show up in the left side of the window. Now that your drive has successfully been partitioned, quit Disk Utility with  -Q to resume the installation process. If you'd like to learn more about disks, partitions, and filesystems, take a look at Chapter 9. 2.2.2. Step-by-Step Installation Okay, so you've backed up your data, you've figured out how you're going to install Tiger (clean, right?), and you've evaluated how you need to slice up your hard drive during the install. Now it's time to roll up your sleeves and get on with the process of installing the latest in Mac OS X goodness on your Mac. Once you've decided how you want to partition your driveor even that you want to leave it all as one big partitionthe next step is to actually break out the install disc and do the deed. Here's the step-by-step process, including pointers to the places in the installation process where you'll want to make some decisions. With your Mac running, insert the Install DVD in your DVD drive. Restart your computer.
As your Mac is starting up (in other words, when you hear the famous booonnnnnng! sound), hold down the C key . This forces your Mac to boot using the Install disc and starts you on your way to installing Tiger on your Mac.  | If you've decided to repartition your drive, here's the point at which you'll want to follow the step-by-step directions from the previous section, "Partitioning Your Hard Drive." |
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After your Mac starts up, you will be welcomed to the Mac OS X Installer . The Installer uses a set of screens to help you configure your system and then the Mac OS X installation. You'll encounter the following screens:
Select Language The first screen you see asks you to select the primary language you'll use on your Mac. This sets the language defaults for the system, as well as the applications you later install.
Welcome to the Mac OS X Installer This is just a warm little greeting to let you know that you're on your way to installing Mac OS X; just click the Next button to advance.
Software License Agreement This is Apple's standard license agreement for Mac OS X. If you have the time, you should read through this before clicking the Continue button, but chances are you could read through (and understand) Moby Dick faster. After clicking the Continue button, a sheet will flop out of the window's titlebar asking you to confirm that you've read the license agreement and you agree to be persecuted to the fullest extent of the law should you be found in violation of said agreement. If you agree to be banished to the Land of Misfit Toys, click the Agree button to proceed with the installation process.
Select a Destination Here, you need to decide where you're going to install Mac OS X. If you haven't yet partitioned your hard drive, now's the time to do that before you select a drive to install Mac OS X on. For more information on how to partition your hard drive, see the section "Partitioning Your Hard Drive" earlier in this chapter. After selecting the drive or partition on which you're going to install Mac OS X, you will see that the Options button is now clickable. Clicking the Options button gives you, well, the option to choose how you want Mac OS X to be installed on the drive. The three options you have to choose from are:
Upgrade Mac OS X This allows you to upgrade an earlier version of Mac OS X that exists on the disk to the new version you're installing.
Archive and Install This option moves all the system files into a folder named Previous System and then installs the new version of Mac OS X. Beneath this option is a checkbox with the label, Preserve Users and Network Settings . If you click this checkbox, all the user data and any network settings will be saved. This is a handy option to use if you don't want to gut the entire system and want to make it (sort of) easier for users to get up and running (sort of) quickly after the install.
Erase and Install This final option completely erases the hard drive or partition before installing Mac OS X. This is known as a clean install, and is recommended for any type of major release upgrade.
Also on the Options page is a pop-up menu that lets you select the filesystem type for your install. Here you have just two options to select from, and the one to choose is Mac OS Extended (Journaled). Unless you really know what you're doing, do not select Unix File System from this menu.
Easy Install on HardDiskName This is where the proverbial fork in the road comes in during the install. If you take the right fork, you can go with the default Easy Install; if you take the left fork, you can click the Customize button to pick and choose the items that will be installed. If you select Easy Install, the standard applications like iCal, iSync, Safari, Mail.app, and all the possible language support packages will be installed on your Mac. The one thing that won't get installed on your Mac with the Easy Install method is Apple's version of X11; if you want that, you'll need to click the Customize button (or install it later). If you click the Customize button, you'll be taken to another screen that's labeled, "Customize Install on HardDiskName." Below that, you'll see a list of the packages that can be installed. Items that have a checkmark in their box will be installed as part of the Easy Install. These items include: | If you didn't opt to install X11 from the Customize install screen, you can always install it later by inserting the Install DVD in your Mac and double-clicking the Optional Installs package . Within the Installer is an option for X11 that you must enable (it's found under the Applications listing). |
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Things you can uncheck include:
Language translations The language you've selected at the beginning of the installation process will be installed by default, but why install Dutch, Japanese, and French (to name a few) if you don't need them? By deselecting this item, you will free up 695 MB of hard drive space for other things.
Printer drivers you won't need If you have only one brand of printer attached to your Mac, there really isn't a need to install the other brands. However, if you are installing on a laptop, you might want to keep all the drivers so that you can print to any random printer you might come across in your travels.
When you've finished selecting the items you want to install, click the Install button to begin the installation process. A progress bar appears with messages telling you what's being installed. When prompted, quit the installation and click the Restart button to boot into your Tiger system.
2.2.3. Configuring the System Once you've made it through the Install phase of Tiger, your Mac will restart and you'll be presented with a series of setup screens to help you configure your Mac at a very basic level. You'll set up the first user account, configure network settings, and more. The following list describes the configuration screens you'll encounter:
Welcome Based on information you provided on the Select Language screen during installation, this screen asks you to select the region or country you live in. For example, if you selected English as your language, you will be asked to choose one of the following: United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, or the United Kingdom. There is also a checkbox on this page to reveal other countries from which you can select.
Migration Assistant A new feature that started shipping on all new Macs a while back is now included with Tiger. The Migration Assistant makes it easy to move data from an old Mac to a new one. Or, if you're installing Tiger on its own partition and keeping your old Mac OS X install around, it can copy the data from another disk partition in the same Mac. If desired, the Assistant will walk you through the process of connecting your old Mac with a FireWire cable and booting it into FireWire target disk mode . In this state, the Tiger Installer searches through the old Mac's Mac OS X installs and copies over applications, user data and files, and other system settings. You can also run the Migration Assistant at any time by double-clicking it in the /Applications/Utilities folder.
Personalize Your Settings Based on the country you selected on the Welcome screen, you'll be asked here to choose a keyboard layout to match your language needs. Like the previous screen, there is a checkbox to reveal all the other countries.
Your Apple ID If you have an Apple ID, you can enter that here along with its password. If you have a .Mac account, your .Mac email address (for example, runningosx@mac.com), as well as its password, will be your Apple ID by default. If you don't have a .Mac account, you can select the option "Create an Apple ID for me," and the Installer will build an ID for you based on your username.
Registration Information Here you get to enter your name, address, phone number, and email address. This information gets transmitted back to Apple when you register Mac OS X at the end of the installation process. The information you provide is used only by Apple, and if you have any concerns about how the company might use this information, you should click the Privacy button to reveal Apple's Privacy Policy.
A Few More Questions There are three options for you to select from here to provide additional information about yourself (or, more important to Apple, how you intend to use Mac OS X). The first two options are found in pop-up menus, where you're asked to answer where you will use your computer and to describe what you do for a living. The third option just asks whether you'd like to receive Apple news and other information about its products, as well as services from other companies.
Thank You Now that you've filled out the basic information about who you are, click the Continue button to transmit that data to register your Mac and Tiger with Apple.
Create Your Account The first and last name you entered on the Registration Information screen will be combined and placed in the Name and Short Name fields on this screen. The only exception is that your Name appears as it normally would (for example, Norman Cook), and your Short Name appears as all lowercase text, run together (for example, norman). Fortunately, these fields are editable, so you can go back and tweak these to your heart's content. There are also spaces to enter and verify a password for your account, as well as to provide a Password Hint, and to select a picture that will be used on the login screen if you set up your account to require a login password. Since this is the first user you're setting up on your Mac, this user will have administrator privileges by default. Other users can be set up later using System Preferences Accounts, and they too can be assigned administrator privileges, if you think theyre worthy.
Get Internet Ready This screen gives you two simple options to select from: to either use your existing Internet service or to not configure your Mac to connect to the Internet. If you select the second option, you'll be asked to verify that you really don't want to connect your Mac to the Internet. If this is really what you want to do, you'll skip the next four steps and find yourself at the Select Time Zone screen, described later.
How Do You Connect? Depending on the connection capabilities of your Mac, you will have one of five options to choose from: Select the connection you'll use most and click the Continue button to configure your Mac to connect to the Internet. If you select Cable modem or DSL modem, you are taken to the Your Internet Connection page, where you need to fill in information about the network to which you will connect. For the most part, leaving the TCP/IP Connection Type menu set to Using DHCP should be all you need to do here before clicking the Continue button, but check with your ISP first to see if it has anything specific for you to enter in the following fields: DHCP Client ID DNS Hosts Domain Name Proxy Server
If you select Local network (either Ethernet or AirPort), you are taken to the Your Local Area Network screen. If the network to which you're connecting uses DHCP, your Mac will obtain its IP address from the DHCP server. If you want to use this configuration, make sure that the radio button next to the Yes option is selected and then click the Continue button. If you don't want to use DHCP (maybe you get to have a static IP address?), click the radio button next to the No option and then click Continue to go back and configure your network settings.
Now You're Ready to Connect With all your settings in place, it's now time to establish a connection with Apple's servers to send off your registration information. Click the Continue button to register and proceed. You'll see a Connecting... screen with a twirling progress meter as your registration information is sent along to Apple.
Select Time Zone Here you're shown a map of the world, from which you can select the city nearest you for establishing the date, time, and the time zone your Mac is located in.
Thank You If you've made it to this screen, your job is done. Tiger has been successfully installed on your Mac and you're ready to start using it. Well, as soon as you click the Go button.
Finally, after about an hour or so of installing Tiger, you're ready to embark on using your Mac. It's up to you to set up and configure your Mac's preferences (through the System Preferences application) however you'd like. If you're in need of information on how to tweak and use Mac OS X Tiger (other than the information you'll find in this book), you should check out the following books:
Mac OS X Tiger Pocket Guide, by Chuck Toporek (O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2005) Revised and expanded to cover Tiger, this handy little book covers all the basics you need to know about using Mac OS X Tiger. The book includes keyboard shortcuts and a 45-page guide that you can use to further configure your Mac. The book's small size makes it easy to carry around in your computer bag, and it doesn't clutter up your desk either.
Mac OS X: The Missing Manual, Tiger Edition, by David Pogue (O'Reilly Media, Inc./Pogue Press, 2005) David Pogue's Missing Manuals have shown Mac users the light, and this newly revised edition continues to lead the pack. If you're new to Mac OS X, you should read this book before you read the book you now hold in your hands.
Mac OS X Tiger in a Nutshell, by Andy Lester, et al. (O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2005) More of a geek's treasure trove, Mac OS X Tiger in a Nutshell drills right down to Mac OS X's Unix core. About a third of the book is the Unix command reference, listing over a third of the approximately 1,000 shell commands you can issue under Mac OS X. This book makes a great companion to Running Mac OS X Tiger and should be by your side as you explore the depths of your Mac.
It's time to install some software to put your Mac to good use, which is covered in the next section. Back It Up Again It might seem like a strange concept, but once you've installed Mac OS X, loaded up all of your programs, and copied your data back onto the hard drive, you may want to perform a full disk backup. By backing up your pristine install, you can always restore from that checkpoint if (when) any problems occur in the future, thereby avoiding having to start from scratch all over again. |
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