Chapter 2 | Routing TCP[s]IP (Vol. 11998)

If the first four bits of a class D address are 1110, the lowest first octet is 11100000 and the highest first octet is 11101111. In decimal these two numbers are 224 and 239, respectively. Therefore, the first octet of a class D address will range from 224 to 239.

(a) Enough subnet bits n are needed so that 2 ⁿ - 2 >= 16,000. There must be enough host bits h remaining so that 2 ^h - 2 >= 700. A subnet mask of 255.255.252.0 provides 16,382 subnets of the class A address, and 1022 host addresses on each subnet. This mask is the only one that works. If one more bit is used for subnetting (255.255.254.0), there will not be enough host addresses. If one less bit is used for subnetting (255.255.248.0), there will not be enough subnets.

(b) Enough subnet bits n are needed so that 2 ⁿ - 2 >= 500. Enough host bits h must remain so that 2 ^h - 2 >= 100. A subnet mask of 255.255.255.128 provides 510 subnets of the class B address and 126 host addresses on each subnet. Again, this mask is the only one that works.

With six bits of subnetting, a class C address will have 2 ⁶ “ 2 = 62 subnets and 2 ² “ 2 = 2 host addresses per subnet. With this subnetting scheme, a single class C address can be used for 62 point-to-point links. A point-to-point link requires only two host addresses ”one for each end of the link.

A class C address with a 28-bit mask will have 14 subnets and 14 host addresses on each subnet. The subnets are derived first.

The subnets are:

 
  111111111111111111111111  1111  0000= 255.255.255.240 (mask)  
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0000=192.168.147.16 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0000=192.168.147.32 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0000=192.168.147.48 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0000=192.168.147.64 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0000=192.168.147.80 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0000=192.168.147.96 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0000=192.168.147.112 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0000=192.168.147.128 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0000=192.168.147.144 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0000=192.168.147.160 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0000=192.168.147.176 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  0000=192.168.147.192 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  0000=192.168.147.208 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  0000=192.168.147.224

Next, the host addresses for each subnet are derived. The broadcast addresses for each subnet are also shown.

The host addresses for each subnet are:

 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0000=192.168.147.16(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0001=192.168.147.17 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0010=192.168.147.18 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0011=192.168.147.19 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0100=192.168.147.20 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0101=192.168.147.21 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0110=192.168.147.22 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  0111=192.168.147.23 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  1000=192.168.147.24 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  1001=192.168.147.25 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  1010=192.168.147.26 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  1011=192.168.147.27 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  1100=192.168.147.28 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  1101=192.168.147.29 
 110000001010100010010011  0001  1110=192.168.147.30 
  110000001010100010010011  0001  1111 = 192.168.147.31(broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0000=192.168.147.32(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0001=192.168.147.33 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0010=192.168.147.34 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0011=192.168.147.35 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0100=192.168.147.36 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0101=192.168.147.37 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0110=192.168.147.38 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  0111=192.168.147.39 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  1000=192.168.147.40 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  1001=192.168.147.41 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  1010=192.168.147.42 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  1011=192.168.147.43 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  1100=192.168.147.44 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  1101=192.168.147.45 
 110000001010100010010011  0010  1110=192.168.147.46 
  110000001010100010010011  0010  1111 = 192.168.147.47 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0000=192.168.147.48(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0001=192.168.147.49 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0010=192.168.147.50 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0011=192.168.147.51 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0100=192.168.147.52 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0101=192.168.147.53 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0110=192.168.147.54 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  0111=192.168.147.55 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  1000=192.168.147.56 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  1001=192.168.147.57 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  1010=192.168.147.58 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  1011=192.168.147.59 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  1100=192.168.147.60 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  1101=192.168.147.61 
 110000001010100010010011  0011  1110=192.168.147.62 
  110000001010100010010011  0011  1111 = 192.168.147.63 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0000=192.168.147.64(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0001=192.168.147.65 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0010=192.168.147.66 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0011=192.168.147.67 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0100=192.168.147.68 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0101=192.168.147.69 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0110=192.168.147.70 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  0111=192.168.147.71 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  1000=192.168.147.72 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  1001=192.168.147.73 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  1010=192.168.147.74 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  1011=192.168.147.75 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  1100=192.168.147.76 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  1101=192.168.147.77 
 110000001010100010010011  0100  1110=192.168.147.78 
  110000001010100010010011  0100  1111 = 192.168.147.79 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0000=192.168.147.80(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0001=192.168.147.81 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0010=192.168.147.82 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0011=192.168.147.83 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0100=192.168.147.84 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0101=192.168.147.85 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0110=192.168.147.86 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  0111=192.168.147.87 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  1000=192.168.147.88 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  1001=192.168.147.89 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  1010=192.168.147.90 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  1011=192.168.147.91 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  1100=192.168.147.92 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  1101=192.168.147.93 
 110000001010100010010011  0101  1110=192.168.147.94 
  110000001010100010010011  0101  1111 = 192.168.147.95 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0000=192.168.147.96(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0001=192.168.147.97 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0010=192.168.147.98 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0011=192.168.147.99 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0100=192.168.147.100 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0101=192.168.147.101 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0110=192.168.147.102 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  0111=192.168.147.103 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  1000=192.168.147.104 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  1001=192.168.147.105 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  1010=192.168.147.106 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  1011=192.168.147.107 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  1100=192.168.147.108 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  1101=192.168.147.109 
 110000001010100010010011  0110  1110=192.168.147.110 
  110000001010100010010011  0110  1111 = 192.168.147.111 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0000=192.168.147.112(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0001=192.168.147.113 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0010=192.168.147.114 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0011=192.168.147.115 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0100=192.168.147.116 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0101=192.168.147.117 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0110=192.168.147.118 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  0111=192.168.147.119 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  1000=192.168.147.120 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  1001=192.168.147.121 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  1010=192.168.147.122 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  1011=192.168.147.123 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  1100=192.168.147.124 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  1101=192.168.147.125 
 110000001010100010010011  0111  1110=192.168.147.126 
  110000001010100010010011  0111  1111 = 192.168.147.127 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0000=192.168.147.128(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0001=192.168.147.129 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0010=192.168.147.130 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0011=192.168.147.131 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0100=192.168.147.132 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0101=192.168.147.133 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0110=192.168.147.134 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  0111=192.168.147.135 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  1000=192.168.147.136 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  1001=192.168.147.137 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  1010=192.168.147.138 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  1011=192.168.147.139 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  1100=192.168.147.140 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  1101=192.168.147.141 
 110000001010100010010011  1000  1110=192.168.147.142 
  110000001010100010010011  1000  1111 = 192.168.147.143 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0000=192.168.147.144(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0001=192.168.147.145 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0010=192.168.147.146 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0011=192.168.147.147 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0100=192.168.147.148 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0101=192.168.147.149 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0110=192.168.147.150 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  0111=192.168.147.151 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  1000=192.168.147.152 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  1001=192.168.147.153 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  1010=192.168.147.154 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  1011=192.168.147.155 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  1100=192.168.147.156 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  1101=192.168.147.157 
 110000001010100010010011  1001  1110=192.168.147.158 
  110000001010100010010011  1001  1111 = 192.168.147.159 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0000=192.168.147.160(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0001=192.168.147.161 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0010=192.168.147.162 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0011=192.168.147.163 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0100=192.168.147.164 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0101=192.168.147.165 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0110=192.168.147.166 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  0111=192.168.147.167 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  1000=192.168.147.168 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  1001=192.168.147.169 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  1010=192.168.147.170 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  1011=192.168.147.171 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  1100=192.168.147.172 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  1101=192.168.147.173 
 110000001010100010010011  1010  1110=192.168.147.174 
  110000001010100010010011  1010  1111 = 192.168.147.175 (broadcast)  
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0000=192.168.147.176(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0001=192.168.147.177 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0010=192.168.147.178 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0011=192.168.147.179 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0100=192.168.147.180 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0101=192.168.147.181 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0110=192.168.147.182 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  0111=192.168.147.183 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  1000=192.168.147.184 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  1001=192.168.147.185 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  1010=192.168.147.186 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  1011=192.168.147.187 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  1100=192.168.147.188 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  1101=192.168.147.189 
 110000001010100010010011  1011  1110=192.168.147.190 
  110000001010100010010011  1011  1111 = 192.168.147.191 (broadcast)  
 11000000101010001001001111000000=192.168.147.192(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  0001=192.168.147.193 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  0010=192.168.147.194 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  0011=192.168.147.195 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  0100=192.168.147.196 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  0101=192.168.147.197 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  0110=192.168.147.198 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  0111=192.168.147.199 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  1000=192.168.147.200 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  1001=192.168.147.201 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  1010=192.168.147.202 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  1011=192.168.147.203 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  1100=192.168.147.204 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  1101=192.168.147.205 
 110000001010100010010011  1100  1110=192.168.147.206 
  110000001010100010010011  1100  1111 = 192.168.147.207 (broadcast)  
 11000000101010001001001111010000=192.168.147.208(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  0001=192.168.147.209 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  0010=192.168.147.210 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  0011=192.168.147.211 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  0100=192.168.147.212 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  0101=192.168.147.213 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  0110=192.168.147.214 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  0111=192.168.147.215 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  1000=192.168.147.216 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  1001=192.168.147.217 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  1010=192.168.147.218 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  1011=192.168.147.219 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  1100=192.168.147.220 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  1101=192.168.147.221 
 110000001010100010010011  1101  1110=192.168.147.222 
  110000001010100010010011  1101  1111 = 192.168.147.223 (broadcast)  
 11000000101010001001001111100000=192.168.147.224(subnet) 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  0001=192.168.147.225 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  0010=192.168.147.226 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  0011=192.168.147.227 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  0100=192.168.147.228 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  0101=192.168.147.229 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  0110=192.168.147.230 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  0111=192.168.147.231 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  1000=192.168.147.232 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  1001=192.168.147.233 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  1010=192.168.147.234 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  1011=192.168.147.235 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  1100=192.168.147.236 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  1101=192.168.147.237 
 110000001010100010010011  1110  1110=192.168.147.238 
  110000001010100010010011  1110  1111 = 192.168.147.239 (broadcast)

This solution shows a shorter technique than the last solution in which every host address of every subnet was written out.

A class C address with a 29-bit mask means that there will be 30 subnets and six host addresses on each subnet.

The subnets are:

 
  111111111111111111111111  11111  000= 255.255.255.248 (mask)  
 110000001010100010010011  00001  000=192.168.147.8 
 110000001010100010010011  00010  000=192.168.147.16 
 110000001010100010010011  00011  000=192.168.147.24 
 110000001010100010010011  00100  000=192.168.147.32 
 110000001010100010010011  00101  000=192.168.147.40 
 110000001010100010010011  00110  000=192.168.147.48 
 110000001010100010010011  00111  000=192.168.147.56 
 110000001010100010010011  01000  000=192.168.147.64 
 110000001010100010010011  01001  000=192.168.147.72 
 110000001010100010010011  01010  000=192.168.147.80 
 110000001010100010010011  01011  000=192.168.147.88 
 110000001010100010010011  01100  000=192.168.147.96 
 110000001010100010010011  01101  000=192.168.147.104 
 110000001010100010010011  01100  000=192.168.147.112 
 110000001010100010010011  01111  000=192.168.147.120 
 110000001010100010010011  10000  000=192.168.147.128 
 110000001010100010010011  10001  000=192.168.147.136 
 110000001010100010010011  10010  000=192.168.147.144 
 110000001010100010010011  10011  000=192.168.147.152 
 110000001010100010010011  10100  000=192.168.147.160 
 110000001010100010010011  10101  000=192.168.147.168 
 110000001010100010010011  10110  000=192.168.147.176 
 110000001010100010010011  10111  000=192.168.147.184 
 110000001010100010010011  11000  000=192.168.147.192 
 110000001010100010010011  11001  000=192.168.147.200 
 110000001010100010010011  11010  000=192.168.147.208 
 110000001010100010010011  11011  000=192.168.147.216 
 110000001010100010010011  11100  000=192.168.147.224 
 110000001010100010010011  11101  000=192.168.147.232 
 110000001010100010010011  11110  000=192.168.147.240

Next, the broadcast addresses of each subnet are derived by setting the host bits of each subnet to all ones.

The subnet broadcast addresses are:

 
 110000001010100010010011  00001  111=192.168.147.15 
 110000001010100010010011  00010  111=192.168.147.23 
 110000001010100010010011  00011  111=192.168.147.31 
 110000001010100010010011  00100  111=192.168.147.39 
 110000001010100010010011  00101  111=192.168.147.47 
 110000001010100010010011  00110  111=192.168.147.55 
 110000001010100010010011  00111  111=192.168.147.63 
 110000001010100010010011  01000  111=192.168.147.71 
 110000001010100010010011  01001  111=192.168.147.79 
 110000001010100010010011  01010  111=192.168.147.87 
 110000001010100010010011  01011  111=192.168.147.95 
 110000001010100010010011  01100  111=192.168.147.103 
 110000001010100010010011  01101  111=192.168.147.111 
 110000001010100010010011  01100  111=192.168.147.119 
 110000001010100010010011  01111  111=192.168.147.127 
 110000001010100010010011  10000  111=192.168.147.135 
 110000001010100010010011  10001  111=192.168.147.143 
 110000001010100010010011  10010  111=192.168.147.151 
 110000001010100010010011  10011  111=192.168.147.159 
 110000001010100010010011  10100  111=192.168.147.167 
 110000001010100010010011  10101  111=192.168.147.175 
 110000001010100010010011  10110  111=192.168.147.183 
 110000001010100010010011  10111  111=192.168.147.191 
 110000001010100010010011  11000  111=192.168.147.199 
 110000001010100010010011  11001  111=192.168.147.207 
 110000001010100010010011  11010  111=192.168.147.215 
 110000001010100010010011  11011  111=192.168.147.223 
 110000001010100010010011  11100  111=192.168.147.231 
 110000001010100010010011  11101  111=192.168.147.239 
 110000001010100010010011  11110  111=192.168.147.247

Finally, the host addresses for each subnet are derived. They will be all addresses between the subnet addresses and the subnet broadcast addresses.

Subnet	Broadcast	Host Addresses
192.168.147.8	192.168.147.15	192.168.147.9 - 192.168.147.14
192.168.147.16	192.168.147.23	192.168.147.17 - 192.168.147.22
192.168.147.24	192.168.147.31	192.168.147.25 - 192.168.147.30
192.168.147.32	192.168.147.39	192.168.147.33 - 192.168.147.38
192.168.147.40	192.168.147.47	192.168.147.41 - 192.168.147.46
192.168.147.48	192.168.147.55	192.168.147.49 - 192.168.147.54
192.168.147.56	192.168.147.63	192.168.147.57 - 192.168.147.62
192.168.147.64	192.168.147.71	192.168.147.65 - 192.168.147.70
192.168.147.72	192.168.147.79	192.168.147.73 - 192.168.147.78
192.168.147.80	192.168.147.87	192.168.147.81 - 192.168.147.86
192.168.147.88	192.168.147.95	192.168.147.89 - 192.168.147.94
192.168.147.96	192.168.147.103	192.168.147.97 - 192.168.147.102
192.168.147.104	192.168.147.111	192.168.147.105 - 192.168.147.110
192.168.147.112	192.168.147.119	192.168.147.113 - 192.168.147.118
192.168.147.120	192.168.147.127	192.168.147.121 - 192.168.147.126
192.168.147.128	192.168.147.135	192.168.147.129 - 192.168.147.134
192.168.147.136	192.168.147.143	192.168.147.137 - 192.168.147.142
192.168.147.144	192.168.147.151	192.168.147.145 - 192.168.147.150
192.168.147.152	192.168.147.159	192.168.147.153 - 192.168.147.158
192.168.147.160	192.168.147.167	192.168.147.161 - 192.168.147.166
192.168.147.168	192.168.147.175	192.168.147.169 - 192.168.147.174
192.168.147.176	192.168.147.183	192.168.147.177 - 192.168.147.182
192.168.147.184	192.168.147.191	192.168.147.185 - 192.168.147.190
192.168.147.192	192.168.147.199	192.168.147.193 - 192.168.147.198
192.168.147.200	192.168.147.207	192.168.147.201 - 192.168.147.206
192.168.147.208	192.168.147.215	192.168.147.209 - 192.168.147.214
192.168.147.216	192.168.147.223	192.168.147.217 - 192.168.147.222
192.168.147.224	192.168.147.231	192.168.147.225 - 192.168.147.230
192.168.147.232	192.168.147.239	192.168.147.233 - 192.168.147.238
192.168.147.240	192.168.147.247	192.168.147.241 - 192.168.147.246

A class B address with a 20-bit mask will have 14 subnets and 4,094 host addresses on each subnet.

The subnets are:

 
  1111111111111111  1111  000000000000 = 255.255.240.0 (mask)  
 1010110000010000  0001  000000000000=172.16.16.0 
 1010110000010000  0010  000000000000=172.16.32.0 
 1010110000010000  0011  000000000000=172.16.48.0 
 1010110000010000  0100  000000000000=172.16.64.0 
 1010110000010000  0101  000000000000=172.16.80.0 
 1010110000010000  0110  000000000000=172.16.96.0 
 1010110000010000  0111  000000000000=172.16.112.0 
 1010110000010000  1000  000000000000=172.16.128.0 
 1010110000010000  1001  000000000000=172.16.144.0 
 1010110000010000  1010  000000000000=172.16.160.0 
 1010110000010000  1011  000000000000=172.16.176.0 
 1010110000010000  1100  000000000000=172.16.192.0 
 1010110000010000  1101  000000000000=172.16.208.0 
 1010110000010000  1110  000000000000=172.16.224.0

The subnet broadcast addresses are:

 
 1010110000010000  0001  111111111111=172.16.31.255 
 1010110000010000  0010  111111111111=172.16.47.255 
 1010110000010000  0011  111111111111=172.16.63.255 
 1010110000010000  0100  111111111111=172.16.79.255 
 1010110000010000  0101  111111111111=172.16.95.255 
 1010110000010000  0110  111111111111=172.16.111.255 
 1010110000010000  0111  111111111111=172.16.127.255 
 1010110000010000  1000  111111111111=172.16.143.255 
 1010110000010000  1001  111111111111=172.16.159.255 
 1010110000010000  1010  111111111111=172.16.175.255 
 1010110000010000  1011  111111111111=172.16.191.255 
 1010110000010000  1100  111111111111=172.16.207.255 
 1010110000010000  1101  111111111111=172.16.223.255 
 1010110000010000  1110  111111111111=172.16.239.255

Using the derived subnet and broadcast addresses, the host addresses are:

Subnet	Broadcast	Host Addresses
172.16.16.0	172.16.31.255	172.16.16.1 - 172.16.31.254
172.16.32.0	172.16.47.255	172.16.32.1 - 172.16.47.254
172.16.48.0	172.16.63.255	172.16.48.1 - 172.16.63.254
172.16.64.0	172.16.79.255	172.16.64.1 - 172.16.79.254
172.16.80.0	172.16.95.255	172.16.80.1 - 172.16.95.254
172.16.96.0	172.16.111.255	172.16.96.1 - 172.16.111.254
172.16.112.0	172.16.127.255	172.16.112.1 - 172.16.127.254
172.16.128.0	172.16.143.255	172.16.128.1 - 172.16.143.254
172.16.144.0	172.16.159.255	172.16.144.1 - 172.16.159.254
172.16.160.0	172.16.175.255	172.16.160.1 - 172.16.175.254
172.16.176.0	172.16.191.255	172.16.176.1 - 172.16.191.254
172.16.192.0	172.16.207.255	172.16.192.1 - 172.16.207.254
172.16.208.0	172.16.223.255	172.16.208.1 - 172.16.223.254
172.16.224.0	172.16.239.255	172.224.16.1 - 172.16.239.254