A-B

Access Control Entry (ACE)

List of permissions a specific user or group has to a specific resource.

Access Control List (ACL)

List of users with permissions to a specific resource.

access token

A set of credentials that represent you on the network and that contains information about who a user is and what groups they are in.

Active Directory Users and Computers

This tool, found in the Administrative Tools, enables you to manage users, groups, and other elements of the Active Directory. Based on the Microsoft Management Console model, it replaces the User Manager for Domains tool of NT 4.

active matrix

Sometimes referred to as Thin Film Transistor (TFT), active matrix LCD displays offer superior clarity and color. This is due mostly to faster refresh rates and more powerful LCD cells.

active partition

The partition that the computer identifies as the one that will be used to boot up the computer and load the operating system.

admin access

Rights that require membership in the Administrators group.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

An organization that seeks to develop standardization within the computing industry. ANSI is the American representative to the ISO, or International Standards Organization.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

A 7-bit coding scheme that translates symbolic characters into the ones and zeros that are stored as data on a computer. Extended ASCII uses an 8-bit coding scheme.

array

A set of objects, all of which are the same size and type.

ASCII file

A text file that uses the ASCII character set. ASCII is a standard for encoding letters and numbers into the ones and zeros that the computer understands.

Asymmetrical Multiprocessing (ASMP)

A computer architecture that uses multiple CPUs to improve the performance of the computer. In the ASMP model, one CPU is dedicated to managing tasks (which usually involves managing the other CPUs) for the computer system. The remaining CPUs process user tasks.

asynchronous communication

Begins transmission of each character with a start bit and ends transmission of each character with a stop bit. This method is not as efficient as synchronous communication but is less expensive.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

A network technology that uses fixed-size cells to transfer data. The fixed-size cells enable it to provide better performance.

authentication

A process that requires a user to enter an ID and a password and then be verified by the software to gain access to resources.

B channel

Stands for bearer channel and is a 64Kbps circuit-switched channel. Used to carry voice and data.

BackOffice

A suite of server applications designed by Microsoft to run on the NT/Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 platforms.

backup

The copying of all your data to a secondary storage option. If your primary storage option becomes unavailable, you can use backups to restore the operating system, application, and data files.

backup domain controller (BDC)

Used in NT domains, it has read-only copies of the PDC accounts database. BDCs serve two primary functions: They offload logon authentication requests from the PDC, and they provide fault tolerance. If the PDC fails, the BDC can be promoted to a PDC.

bandwidth

The capacity of a network line to carry information. Bandwidth is best thought of as a highway; four lanes support more traffic than two and have fewer slowdowns. One of the few basic rules of modern networking is that more bandwidth is always better.

base memory

Memory addresses that are reserved and used to store low-level control software that is required by an add-on device.

baseband

A technology that permits a single transmission of data at a fixed frequency on a wire at any given moment.

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

Software located in a ROM chip that is responsible for communicating directly between the computer hardware and the operating system.

Basic Rate Interface (BRI)

The basic ISDN service offered by telecommunication companies. BRI consists of two B channels and a single D channel.

batch file

A file that contains a set of commands to be executed by the operating system. AUTOEXEC.BAT is one example of a batch file that is executed during the final stages of the boot process. All batch files end in BAT.

baud

A measurement of the number of signals that are transmitted each second.

bit

A binary digit. The digit is the smallest unit of information and represents either an off state (zero) or an on state (one).

bit depth

A value for the number of bits that are used to make up a pixel. The higher the number of bits, the more colors that can be displayed.

bits per second (bps)

The number of bits, or ones and zeros, transmitted each second.

boot partition

Synonymous with the active partition on a disk. The boot partition contains the necessary files to start the operating system on the computer.

bridge

A Layer 2 device that enables networks using different Layer 2 protocols to communicate with one another. A bridge can also minimize traffic between two networks by passing through only those packets that are addressed to the other network.

broadband

A type of transmission that can use a single wire to transmit multiple streams of data simultaneously using different frequencies. This method is similar to the method used by radio stations all sharing the airwaves to send their signals.

broadcasts

Data transmitted to all devices on the same network segment.

browser service

In NT/Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 platforms, broadcasts the availability of network services such as network shares or printers.

burst mode

The temporary increase in data transmission speeds beyond what is normal. The increase is not sustainable and usually prevents other devices from transmitting.

bus architecture

Any linear pathway on which electrical signals travel and carry data from a source to a destination.

byte

A single binary character, or 8 bits.




MCSA. MCSE 2003 JumpStart. Computer and Network Basics
MCSA/MCSE 2003 JumpStart
ISBN: 078214277X
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2003
Pages: 203
Authors: Lisa Donald

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