L

L2TP (see Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)

L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC), 146, 312

L2TP Network Server (LNS), 146, 313

LAC (see L2TP Access Concentrator)

LAN (see Local area network)

Law enforcement:

location requests by, 234

privacy issues with, 245–248

VPN use by, 246

Law Enforcement Agency (LEA), 246, 247

Lawful Intercept Services, 235

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP):

defined, 312

identify extensions example, 305–306

over service provider segment, 168–170

RADIUS ALE, 170–171

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (LT2P), 145–146

Layer-2 forwarding (VLAN), 158–168

LCP (see Link Configuration Protocol)

LCS (see Location services)

LCS client (application), 235, 236

LDAP (see Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

Le interface, 198

LEA (Law Enforcement Agency), 246, 247

Legislation, privacy, 232–233

LG (see Location Generator)

lifeTime parameter,86

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP):

defined, 126, 313

directory search with, 126

"Likelihood," 9

Link Configuration Protocol (LCP):

defined, 313

in point-to-point protocols, 141

Link Layer Discovery Protocol for Media Endpoint Devices (LLDP-MED):

defined, 313

location acquisition protocols, 73, 116–117

specification, 116

LINKS Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP), 225

defined, 225, 313

identify extensions example, 306

measurements, 224–225

using SNMP, 225

LIS (see Location information server)

LIS-to-ALE notification messages, 64

Literal location:

hosted voice server with, 128–130

location reference vs., 17

LLDP (see LINKS Layer Discovery Protocol)

LLDP Data Unit (LLPDU), 225

LLDP-MED (see Link Layer Discovery Protocol for Media Endpoint Devices)

LLPDU (LLDP Data Unit), 225

LMU (see Location Measurement Unit)

LNS (see L2TP Network Server)

Local area network (LAN), 197,313

Location acquisition:

defined, 8, 9, 313

Location acquisition protocols:

access to, 114–116

DHCP, 117–118

for enterprise networks, 113–121

HELD, 118–121

of LLDP-MED, 116–117

Location applications:

for enterprise networks, 124–133

Location assertion, 86–89, 220

Location by-reference:

in i2, 33–35

justification for, 69, 70

for location information server, 69

Location by-value, 68

in i2, 35

for location information server, 69

Location conveyance, 21–22

defined, 313

interface for, 21f

Location determination:

in cellular networks, 8, 9

on cellular networks, 6–9

defined, 8, 9, 313

in emergency services, 6–9

toolset for, 182–187

Location fraud, 215–216

Location Generator (LG), 67

defined, 313

in GEOPRIV model, 30, 31

and Location Server, 31

role of, 31

Location information, 289

history of, 1

trustability of, 17–19

Location information server (LIS), 19–20, 67–72

and access location entity, 23

acquisition protocol of, 22

to ALE notifications, 64

autonomous location determination with, 216

centralized, 53, 54

credentialed location, 218–219

defined, 313

deployment, 199–200

distribution to Target, 68–70

DNS discovery, 91–93

in enterprise networks, 121–124

function of, 19–20

gateway, 94–95

GPRS in, 199–200

interfaces for, 70–72

location by-reference model for, 69

location by-value model for, 69

measurement information from, 20, 21

measurement protocol of, 22

notifications, 23

primary, 93

protocols for, 22

proxy, 95–96

proxy-gateway, 96

reponsibilities of, 67

resynchronization request from, 61

SUPLusedin, 230

types of, 93–96

Location key (Location URI), 34

Location measurement, 53–57

Access Location Entity for, 53–55

defined, 8, 53, 313

device-based methods for, 65

Flexible LIS-ALE Protocol for, 57–64

hybrid location determination for, 65

from target/device, 65–66

usage of, 55–57

Location Measurement Unit (LMU):

and ALEs, 55, 191

defined, 55, 314

of GSM, 191

Location Recipient (LR):

defined, 314

in GEOPRIV model, 30

Location Recipients, 31

Location reference:

defined, 68

literal location vs., 17

Location requests:

basic, 73–74

by emergency services, 234, 235

in HTTP Enabled Location Delivery, 73–74

by law enforcement, 234

PLR, 198

types of, 234

Location Retrieval Function (LRF), 209, 211

Location Server (LS):

authorization policy of, 31

common-policy evaluation by, 49

defined, 314

in GEOPRIV model, 30, 67

in IP telephony, 26

and Location Generator, 31

and Location Recipients, 31

as term, 26

Location services (LCS):

in cellular networks, 5

client, 235

defined, 314

history of, 1–3

specifications/functionality for, 234

Location spoofing, 18

Location types, 74, 87

Location URI, hosted voice server with, 130–131

Location-capable end-points, 114–115

Location-info element, 37–38

Loop provider, 136–137

LR (see Location Recipient)

LRF (see Location Retrieval Function)

LS (see Location Server)