Appendix APPENDIX

The Computer Phonetic Alphabet (CPA) is a set of symbols for defining the phonetic segments of a language. It parallels the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), with changes to make it easy to enter symbols with a standard keyboard. Table A-1 defines the set of CPA symbols used by Nuance for American English. These symbols are used to define pronunciations in this book.^[1]

^[1] This table is reproduced from the Nuance Grammar Developer's Guide, Version 8.0.

Table A-1. CPA Symbols for American English

CATEGORY	PHONEME	EXAMPLE	PHONEME	EXAMPLE
Vowels	i	fleet	u	blue
	I	dimple	U	book
	e	date	o	show
	E	bet	O	caught
	a	cat	A	father, cot
	aj	side	aw	couch
	Oj	toy	*r	bird
	^	cut	*	alive
Stops	p	put	b	ball
	t	take	d	dice
	k	catch	g	gate
Flap	!	butter
Nasals	m	mile	g~	running
	n	nap
Fricatives	f	friend	v	voice
	T	path	D	them
	s	sit	z	zebra
	S	shield	Z	vision
	h	have
Affricates	tS	church	dZ	judge
Approximants	j	yes	w	win, which
	r	row	l	lame