Index_L

L

LAN (local area network), 555. See also local area networks (LANs)

LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE ARP), 556

LAN Emulation Client (LEC), 48, 556

LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS), 48, 556

LAN Emulation Server (LES), 48, 556

LAN switch, 555

LANE (LAN Emulation), 98, 555

components, 48

LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced) protocol, 33, 232, 555

LAPD (Link Access Procedure onD channel), 555

latency, 7, 86, 165, 555–556

for frames processing, 71

Layer 2 switching, 68, 73–74

20/80 rule, 80–82, 81

80/20 rule, 79–80, 80

functions, 75–79

address learning, 75–77

forward/filter decisions, 77

loop avoidance, 77–79

vs. Layer 3 switching, 100

limitations, 74

multicasting, 82

quality of service, 83

Layer 3 switching, 68, 100–101

layered reference model, 12–15

advantages, 14

LCP (Link Control Protocol), 237, 556

LE ARP (LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol), 556

leaky bucket, 556

learning bridge, 385, 556. See also transparent bridging

leased networks

circuit-switched, 220–221

dedicated lines, 220, 220

packet-switched, 221

for WANs, 219–221

LEC (LAN Emulation Client), 48, 556

LECS (LAN Emulation Configuration Server), 48, 556

Length field in data frame, 31

LES (LAN Emulation Server), 48, 556

Level 1 routing, 378, 557

Level 2 routing, 378, 557

limited-route explorer packet, 391

Line Printer Daemon (LPD), 124, 558

Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB) protocol, 33, 232

link compression, 413

Link Control Protocol (LCP), 556

link cost, 368

link-state advertisement (LSA), 558

in OSPF, 357, 361–362

link-state database, for NLSP, 377

link-state packets (LSPs), 321–322

link-state protocols, scalabilitylimitations, 316

link-state routing, 321–324, 356–357, 557.See also OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

vs. distance vector routing algorithm,324, 367

link-state update (LSU), 363, 558

packets, 364–365

acknowledgments, 365–367

listening, 557

listening router, 359

LLAP (LocalTalk Link AccessProtocol), 557

LLC (Logical Link Control), 557

LLQ, 557

LMI (Local Management Interface),239–240, 558

LNNI, 558

load balancing, 205–206, 558

with CEF, 229

local area networks (LANs), 4. See alsovirtual LANs

exam essentials, 49–50

hardware, 6–10. See also hardwarefor LANs

redundant configurations, 200–203

segmentation, exam essentials, 107–108

technologies, 38–48

ATM protocol, 45–48

Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, 38–40

FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface), 40–43, 41

Token Ring, 43–45

local explorer packet, 391, 558

Local Management Interface (LMI),239–240

LocalTalk, 558

LocalTalk Link Access Protocol(LLAP), 557

logging, for access lists, 409–410

logical addresses, 558

vs. physical, 130–131

logical data movement, in referencemodel, 15, 15

Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer inData Link layer, 31–32, 32, 557

loop avoidance, 77–79

in transparent bridging, 388–390

loopback interface, 369

loose coupling, 13

LPD (Line Printer Daemon), 124, 558

LSA (link-state advertisement), 558

in OSPF, 357, 361–362

LSU (link state update), 363, 558

packets, 364–365

acknowledgments, 365–367

LUNI, 558