I


ICD

International Code Designator: Adapted from the subnetwork model of addressing, this assigns the mapping of Network layer addresses to ATM addresses. HSSI is one of two ATM formats for addressing created by the ATM Forum to be utilized with private networks. See also: DCC.

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol: Documented in RFC 792, it is a Network layer Internet protocol for the purpose of reporting errors and providing information pertinent to IP packet procedures.

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: A professional organization that, among other activities, defines standards in a number of fields within computing and electronics, including networking and communications. IEEE standards are the predominant LAN standards used today throughout the industry. Many protocols are commonly known by the reference number of the corresponding IEEE standard.

IEEE 802.1D

The IEEE specification for STP (Spanning Tree Protocol). The STP uses SPA (Spanning Tree Algorithm) to find and prevent network loops in bridged networks.

IEEE 802.3

The IEEE committee specification that defines Ethernet 10BaseT. Ethernet is a LAN protocol that specifies physical layer and MAC sublayer media access. IEEE 802.3 uses CSMA/CD to provide access for many devices on the same network. FastEthernet is defined as 802.3u, and Gigabit Ethernet is defined as 802.3q. See also: CSMA/CD.

IEEE 802.5

IEEE committee that defines Token Ring media access.

IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol: Employed by IP hosts, the protocol that reports their multicast group memberships to an adjacent multicast router.

IGP

Interior Gateway Protocol: Any protocol used by the Internet to exchange routing data within an independent system.

IGRP

(Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) A distance-vector routing protocol from Cisco Systems for use in large heterogeneous networks.

ILMI

Integrated (or Interim) Local Management Interface. A specification created by the ATM Forum, designated for the incorporation of network-management capability into the ATM UNI. Integrated Local Management Interface cells provide for automatic configuration between ATM systems. In LAN emulation, ILMI can provide sufficient information for the ATM end station to find an LECS. In addition, ILMI provides the ATM NSAP (network service access point) prefix information to the end station.

in-band management

In-band management is the management of a network device “through” the network using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) or Telnet.

insured burst

In an ATM network, it is the largest, temporarily permitted data burst exceeding the insured rate on a PVC and not tagged by the traffic policing function for being dropped if network congestion occurs. This insured burst is designated in bytes or cells.

interactive voice response (IVR)

A very efficient system, IVR allows information to be retrieved via telephone lines without anyone on the other end of the line.

interarea routing

Routing between two or more logical areas. Contrast with: intra-area routing. See also: area.

interface processor

Any of several processor modules used with Cisco 7000 series routers. See also: AIP, CIP, EIP, FEIP, HIP, MIP, and TRIP.

Internet

The global “network of networks,” whose popularity has exploded in the last few years. Originally a tool for collaborative academic research, it has become a medium for exchanging and distributing information of all kinds. The Internet’s need to link disparate computer platforms and technologies has led to the development of uniform protocols and standards that have also found widespread use within corporate LANs. See also: TCP/IP and MBONE.

internet

Before the rise of the Internet, this lowercase form was shorthand for “internetwork” in the generic sense. Now rarely used. See also: internetwork.

Internet protocol

Any protocol belonging to the TCP/IP protocol stack. See also: TCP/IP.

internetwork

Any group of networks interconnected by routers and other mechanisms, typically operating as a single entity.

internetworking

Broadly, anything associated with the general task of linking networks to each other. The term encompasses technologies, procedures, and products. When you connect networks to a router, you are creating an internetwork.

intra-area routing

Routing that occurs within a logical area. Contrast with: interarea routing.

Intrusion Detection System

(IDS) A software package designed to detect specific actions on a network that are typical of an intruder or that might indicate an act of corporate espionage.

An IDS package monitors the network or the server for specific “attack signatures” that might indicate an active intruder is attempting to gain access to the network; such actions are carefully documented by the system.

Specific actions, such as opening or renaming certain important files, opening specific applications, downloading large amounts of data from key documents, or sending classified documents out as e-mail attachments, are also monitored by the IDS software.

Inverse ARP

Inverse Address Resolution Protocol: A technique by which dynamic routes are constructed in a network, allowing an access server to locate the network address of a mechanism affiliated with a permanent virtual circuit (PVC).

IOS Network Management Model

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the types of network management applications that reside on the NMS. Just as the seven-layer OSI model defines function but not implementation for data communications, the ISO network management model defines five areas of network management without specifying specific implementations.

IP

Internet Protocol: Defined in RFC 791, it is a Network layer protocol that is part of the TCP/IP stack and allows connectionless service. IP furnishes an array of features for addressing, type-of-service specification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security.

IP unnumbered command

When you use the ip unnumbered command, a serial interface is not on a separate network, as all router interfaces tend to be. Instead, the serial port “borrows” an IP address from another interface.

IP v4 address

Often called an Internet address, this is an address uniquely identifying any device (host) on the Internet (or any TCP/IP network). Each address consists of four octets (32 bits), represented as decimal numbers separated by periods (a format known as “dotted-decimal”). Every address is made up of a network number, an optional subnetwork number, and a host number. The network and subnetwork numbers together are used for routing, while the host number addresses an individual host within the network or subnetwork. The network and subnetwork information is extracted from the IP address using the subnet mask. There are five classes of IP addresses (A–E), which allocate different numbers of bits to the network, subnetwork, and host portions of the address. See also: CIDR, IP, and subnet mask.

IP v6 address

With the growth of the Internet since the early 1990s, the IETF, IANA, IAB, and many networking vendors have realized the need for an expanded IP address space. RFC 2373 defines the IP version 6 addressing architecture. IP version 6 addresses are 128 bits in length and are globally unique.

IPCP

IP Control Protocol: The protocol used to establish and configure IP over PPP. See also: IP and PPP.

ip forward protocol

A broadcast-based protocol such as DHCP, DNS, and WINS that is forwarded across the router when configured with the ip helper-address command.

ip helper address

A Cisco IOS command for specifying that broadcast- based protocols are forwarded across the router.

IP multicast

A technique for routing that enables IP traffic to be reproduced from one source to several endpoints or from multiple sources to many destinations. Instead of transmitting only one packet to each individual point of destination, one packet is sent to a multicast group specified by only one IP endpoint address for the group.

IP Security

(IPSec) A suite of protocols under development by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) designed to add security provisions to the Internet Protocol (IP).

The Authentication Header (AH) ensures that the datagram has not been tampered with during transmission, and the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) defines encryption methods for IP data.

IPSec operates in two modes:

Transport mode: AH or ESP is placed immediately after the original IP datagram header and provides security between two end systems such as a server and a workstation.

Tunnel mode: The original IP datagram is placed inside a new datagram, and AH and ESP are inserted between the IP header of the new packet and the original IP datagram. The new header points to the tunnel endpoint, and the original header points to the final destination of the datagram. Tunnel mode is best suited to Virtual Private Network (VPN) use, securing remote access to your corporate network through the Internet.

IPX

Internetwork Packet Exchange: Network layer protocol (Layer 3) used in Novell NetWare networks for transferring information from servers to workstations. Similar to IP and XNS.

IPX address

A logical address used to send packets through a Novell intranetwork.

IPXCP

IPX Control Protocol: The protocol used to establish and configure IPX over PPP. See also: IPX and PPP.

IPXWAN

Protocol used for new WAN links to provide and negotiate line options on the link using IPX. After the link is up and the options have been agreed upon by the two end-to-end links, normal IPX transmission begins.

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network: Offered as a service by telephone companies, a communication protocol that allows telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other digital traffic. See also: BISDN, BRI, and PRI.

IS-IS

Intermediate System–to–Intermediate System, or IS-IS, is an interior routing protocol or an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). Developed in the 1980’s, IS-IS was intended to be the routing protocol for OSI in an attempt to produce a standards protocol suite that could allow internetworks generous scalability.

isochronous transmission

Asynchronous data transfer over a synchronous data link, requiring a constant bit rate for reliable transport. Compare with: asynchronous transmission and synchronous transmission.

isolation LAN

Also called DMZ but can be a stand-alone LAN within a campus LAN for security purposes.

ITU-T

International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector: This is a group of engineers that develops worldwide standards for telecommunications technologies.




CCDA. Cisco Certified Design Associate Study Guide
CCDA: Cisco Certified Design Associate Study Guide, 2nd Edition (640-861)
ISBN: 0782142001
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2002
Pages: 201

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