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Lab. See research lab
Lakhoff, George, 244
Lapel microphones, 286
Latecomers to focus groups, 233–234
Leading questions, 119
Lee, Bruce, 518
Lifestyle attributes of audiences, 139
Light, videotaping and, 174
Likert scales, 317–318
Log analysis
after release, 67, 68
aggregate measurements, 409–410
benefits and pitfalls, 71
clickstream analysis, 370, 408, 413–414
cookies and, 406–408
described, 71
DIY tools, 414–416
ethics, 408
extracting knowledge from data, 414–418
formulating questions about the data, 409
high-end tools, 416–418
for interaction design, 50
in iterative development cycle, 36
metrics, 409–414
organizing questions into projects, 71
removing noise to improve statistics, 415
for requirement gathering, 66
scheduling service example, 42
session-based statistics, 411
usability testing combined with, 473–474
user-based statistics, 411–412
uses for, 395
virtual usability tests and, 464–465
See also clickstream analysis
Log files
abandoned pages and, 404
access log elements, 403–404
caching and, 404–406
defined, 403
for dynamically generated sites, 404
generation of, 402, 404
multiple entries from single requests, 404
Loyalty, as competitive survey topic, 431
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