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RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), 391
RC5, 445
RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems). See also applications; objects
connection, numbers system, 772–773
database characteristics, desirable, 4–5
error messages, 187
examples, 8–11
flat file databases and, 11–12
foreign key, 18
hardware needs, 18
hierarchical databases and, 12–14
implementations, 7–8
network databases and, 14–15
object database and object-relational database models, 19
other than "big three", 767–770
primary key, 17
relationships, 16–17
tables, 15–16
records
adding to table, 541
affected by last SELECT statement, MS SQL Server 2000, 482
all possible pairs, joining, 289–290, 783–784
calculating set of values (COUNT), 340–342
defined, 15, 79
deleting, 97, 199, 201–202, 204–205
different table, defining
collections, 68
DB2 UDB 8.1, 72
table constraints, 89–90
horizontal restriction, 436–437
index-organized tables, 99
individual, working with cursors
current row, retrieving (FETCH), 501–502
deallocating memory, releasing locks, and making result set undefined (CLOSE), 502
described, 500
dynamic, 550
examples, 502–505
functions, listed, 720
multirow query results, storing with, 536–537
query, executing and identifying result set (OPEN), 501
SELECT statement, associating (DECLARE), 500–501
stored procedures, MS SQL Server 2000, 475
inserting, 189, 202–204
integrity, ensuring, 439
limits, 16
matching values (EXISTS), 376–377
order populated, 178
pointers
clustered, 13
DDL statements, 729
described, 106–109
information, listing, 466–467
join tables, 305
listing, 461
maximum name length restrictions, 8
partitioning, Oracle 9i, 188
tables, storing unique addresses (UROWID), 73
tablespaces, specifying, 98
privileges, describing, 458
restricting number based on search criteria, 387–389
returning, stored procedures, MS SQL Server 2000, 478
session, listing affected, MS SQL Server 2000, 215
unique addresses, storing (ROWID), 73
recursion, 30
RedBase Pure Java RDBMS, 769
Redundant Array of Independent Disks. See RAID
reference type
collections, 68
DB2 UDB 8.1, 72
table constraints, 89–90
referential integrity, 439
refreshing
on demand, 139
periodically without user interaction, 139–140
Relational Database Management Systems. See RDBMS
Relational OLAP. See ROLAP
releasing locks (CLOSE), 502
remote database objects
linking
accessible, listing, 461
creating, 140–141
synonyms, 124
removing
alias, 164–165
blank spaces from strings (TRIM, LTRIM, and RTRIM), 327–328
columns with tables, 149
objects, database cross-reference, 171–172
rows
all (TRUNCATE), 204–205
selected, 541
schema, 165
sequences, 169
stored procedures, 515
synonym, Oracle 9i, 164
tables (DROP TABLE), 145
tablespaces, 166, 167
triggers, 525
user-defined functions, 520
views, 163–164
removing data (DELETE)
described, 33, 34–35
DML (Data Manipulation Language)
described, 199
integrity constraints, 200–201
MS SQL Server 2000, 202
Oracle 9i, 202
WHERE clause subqueries, 201–202
updating tables, 193
views, restricting, 438
repeated execution, 499
replacing characters within string (TRANSLATE), 326–327
replacing expressions (REPLACE), string functions, 325
replication
characters in string functions (REPLICATE and REPEAT), 325–326
setting up, MS SQL Server 2000, 476
resellers, 287–289
resources, allocating and de-allocating, 558–559
restraints
columns
described, 85–86, 186
dropping, 149, 155, 201
updating, 194
data entry, 199
deferring, 93–94
domain, 457
information, viewing
DB2 UDB 8.1, 466
MS SQL Server 2000, 471
listing, 460
mode, setting, 208
name, maximum length, 8
relational database design, 635–636
security, 438–439
tables
CHECK, 88
copy, creating new table as, 101–104
creating, 149–150, 152–153
deferring, 93–97
describing, 457
disabling and enabling, 150–151
example, 88–89
FOREIGN KEY, 88, 89–90
identity clause, 100–101
INITIALLY DEFERRED, 97
modifying, 148, 149
ON COMMIT clause, 97
physical properties, 97–100
PRIMARY KEY, 88
REFERENCES, 89–90removing, 150, 153, 156, 157
restrictions, 89–93
summary tables, 105
temporary, 97
UNIQUE, 88
viewing, 456
without, finding, 474–475
restrictions, table constraints, 89–93
result set
making undefined (CLOSE), cursors, programming, 502
multiple queries, combining
EXCEPT (MINUS), 275–278
INTERSECT, 274–275
UNION, 270–274
summarizing (GROUP BY and HAVING clauses), 263–267
updating columns with, 195
resumes, storing. See CLOB
retrieval, data
current or previous sequence value, 137–138
hierarchical databases, 13
manipulating data while, 35–36
SELECT INTO statement, 535–536
transforming during, 37
retrieval, data (SELECT statement)
BETWEEN operator, 256
copying portions of tables, 102
cursor name, associating (DECLARE), 500–501
FROM clause
aliases, 251–252
subqueries, 253
tables and views, 251
literals, functions, and calculated columns, 245–249
membership test, setting (IN operator), 256–258
multicolumn
all columns plus an extra, 242–243
all columns, selecting, 242
distinct values, 243–245
several columns, selecting, 241–242
nulls, testing (IS NULL operator), 258–259
privilege, assigning, 38
query output, sorting (ORDER BY clause), 267–270
single column, 240–241
single table, 239–240
subqueries
FROM clause, 253
generating values dynamically, 376
horizontal limits, setting (WHERE clause), 259–263
rows, deleting, 201–202
SELECT statement, 249–250
values, inserting, 178
with views, 121
views, creating, 118
WHERE clause, unknown, 377–381
revoking privileges
described, 38, 421–422
object level
DB2 UDB 8.1, 425–426
MS SQL Server 2000, 426–427
Oracle 9i, 424–425
system level
DB2 UDB 8.1, 421–422
MS SQL Server 2000, 423–424
Oracle 9i, 422–423
right outer join
DB2 UDB 8.1, 300
MS SQL Server 2000, 300–301
old syntax, 300
Oracle 9i, 300
SQL99, 299
ROLAP (Relational OLAP), 598
role
DB2 UDB 8.1, 430–431
DENY statement, 429
described, 420–421, 427
fixed database, 433, 434
MS SQL Server 2000, 429, 431–435
Oracle 9i, 427–430
ROLLBACK
rows, deleting, 205
transactions, 221–222
root, Oracle 9i, 649–650, 654–655
rounding
errors, 56, 57
functions, 311
to specific precision, 312
row query results, multiple, storing with cursors, 536–537
ROWID, SQL data types, 73
rows
adding to table, 541
affected by last SELECT statement, MS SQL Server 2000, 482
all possible pairs, joining
inner joins, 289–290
old syntax, 290
set theory operations, 783–784
SQL99, 289–290
defined, 15, 79
deleting
all (TRUNCATE), 204–205
based on data from other tables, 201–202
deferred (ON COMMIT clause), 97
one at a time, 199
horizontal restriction, 436–437
index-organized tables, 99
inserting
multiple, DB2 UDB 8.1, 189
and updating (MERGE), Oracle 9i, 202–204
integrity, ensuring, 439
limits, 16
matching values (EXISTS), 376–377
order populated, 178
privileges, describing, 458
restricting number based on search criteria, 387–389
returning, stored procedures, MS SQL Server 2000, 478
session, listing affected, MS SQL Server 2000, 215
unique addresses, storing (ROWID), 73
rowset functions, MS SQL Server 2000, 726
rules. See also constraints
business
archiving complex, 185
minimum and maximum order amount, discounts, 284–286
security through stored procedures, 440
table structure, changing, 145
values, changing, 285
information, viewing, 471
Russian, 47
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