Notes

1. Source: "Java Management Extensions (JMX) Specification," JSR 3, http://www.jcp.org/jsr/detail/3.jsp, which was led by Sun Microsystems to create a management API for Java resources.

2. 3270 is the model of a line of user terminals made by IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY (http://www.ibm.com).

3. IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY (http://www.ibm.com).

4. Candle Corporation, 201 N. Douglas St., El Segundo, CA 90245 (http://www. candle .com).

5. Computer Associates International, Inc., One Computer Associates Plaza, Islandia, NY 11749 (http://www.cai.com).

6. For information about UNIX, see The Open Group 's site at http://www.opengroup.org.

7. Solaris is Sun Microsystems' UNIX-based operating system. More information is available at http://www.sun.com/solaris.

8. Hewlett-Packard's UNIX-based operating system is called HP-UX. More information is available at http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating.

9. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is an Internet protocol that has been defined as a standard by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Additional information is available at http://www.ietf.org.

10. Tivoli Systems Inc., 9442 Capital of Texas Highway North, Arboretum Plaza One, Austin, TX 78759 (http://www.tivoli.com). Tivoli is a trademark of Tivoli Systems in the United States, other countries , or both.

11. BMC Software, Inc., 2101 City West Blvd., Houston, TX 77042-2827 (http://www.bmc.com).

12. Java and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries.

13. A daemon on a system is a long-running system process that is executing a program.

14. SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol, which is an IETF standard. More information on SNMP is available at http://www.ietf.org.

15. CMIP stands for Common Management Information Protocol and is usually referred to in conjunction with CMIS (Common Management Information Services). This management standard was defined by OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) as an ISO (International Standards Organization) standard: ISO 9595/2 and 9596/2 (http://www.iso.ch). More information on CMIP/CMIS can be found at http://www.iso.ch.

16. CIM/WBEM stands for Common Information Model/Web-Based Enterprise Management. It is defined by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF). More information is available at http://www.dmtf.org.

17. SMUX stands for SNMP Multiplexing Protocol (IETF RFC 1227, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1227.txt?number=1227) and is used to allow an application to communicate with an SNMP agent for the purposes of satisfying a portion of the MIB. SMUX tends to predominate in UNIX systems.

18. The Distributed Program Interface (DPI) is designed for extending SNMP agents . It is predominant in IBM systems. Source: G. Carpenter and B. Wijnen, "SNMP-DPI: Simple Network Management Protocol Distributed Program Interface," RFC 1228 (May 1991), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1228.txt?number=1228.

19. AgentX is a standard SNMP agent-to-subagent protocol, "Extensible SNMP Agent" specification from the IETF. Source: M. Daniele, B. Wijnen, M. Ellison, and D. Franciso (Eds.), "Agent Extensibility (AgentX) Protocol Version 1," RFC 2741 (January 2000), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2741.txt?number2741.

20. Information on IBM's WebSphere Administration Console is available at http://www.ibm.com/software/webservers/appserv. WebSphere is a trademark of IBM in the United States.

21. Information on IBM's System/390 series is available at http://www.s390.ibm.com. System/390 is a registered trademark of IBM in the United States.

22. Systems Management Server (SMS) is Microsoft's workstation management application. More information is available at http://www.microsoft.com/smsmgmt/default.asp?RLD=263. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.

23. See note 14.

24. More information is available at http://www.ietf.org.

25. Source: M. Rose and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-Based Internets," RFC 1065 (August 1988), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1065.txt?number=1065.

26. Source: M. Rose and K. McCloghrie, "Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-Based Internets," RFC 1066 (August 1988), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1066.txt?number=1066.

27. More information about Hewlett-Packard's OpenView is available at http://www.openview.hp.com?qt=OpenView, or from Hewlett-Packard, 3000 Hanover St., Palo Alto, CA 94304-1185.

28. Information about Tivoli NetView is available at http://www.tivoli.com/products/index/netview.

29. See note 15.

30. The URL for the International Standards Organization (ISO) is http://www.iso.ch.

31. OSI/TMN stands for Open System Interconnection/Telecommunication Management Network. OSI was defined as an ISO (International Standards Organization) standard: ISO ISO/IEC DIS 10165-1,2,3,4, 9595/2 and 9596/2 (http://www.iso.org).

32. Groupe Bull was the original company name for the representative. This company is now referred to as "Evidian, A Groupe Bull Company" (http://www.evidian.com).

33. The Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) is a standards body that is responsible for DMI, CIM, and WBEM management standards. More information is available at http://www.dmtf.org.

34. See note 16.

35. See note 22.

36. WBEMsource, at http://www.wbemsource.org, is a group of open-source WBEM implementations sponsored by The Open Group. Implementations are available in Java and C++.

37. Pegasus is The Open Group's C++ implementation of the DMTF's WBEM and CIM operations specifications, and a CIMOM, for accessing CIM data through HTTP (http://www.opengroup.org/management, http://www.openpegasus.org).

38. JSR 48, "WBEM Services Specification," is Sun's Java implementation of the DMTF's WBEM and CIM operations specifications for accessing CIM data through HTTP. See http://www.jcp.org/jsr/detail/48.jsp.

39. JDMK stands for Java Dynamic Management Kit. JDMK 4.0 is available from Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94303, http://java.sun.com/products/jdmk.

40. TMX4J is an implementation of the JMX specifiation from Tivoli Systems and is available for free on IBM's alphaWorks Web site: http://alphaworks.ibm.com.

41. Information about AIC is available at http://www.opengroup.org/management/aic.htm.

42. The Application Response Measurement (ARM) standard was developed by The Open Group, http://www.opengroup.org/management/arm.htm.

43. You can find more information about IBM WebSphere 4.0 at http://www.ibm.com/websphere. WebSphere is a trademark of IBM in the United States.

44. Tivoli's Application Management Specification is used to define the characteristics of a managed application.

45. MOF file stands for Managed Object Format file. This format is used to describe CIM information and is defined by the DMTF in the CIM specification. More information is available at http://www.dmtf.org/standards/cim_schema_v23.php.

46. Source: J. Farrell and H. Kreger, "Web Services Management Approaches," IBM Systems Journal 41: 2 (March 2002).

47. Marimba, Inc., 440 Clyde Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043. Additional information is available at http://www.marimba.com. Marimba is a trademark of Marimba, Inc., in the United States and other countries.

48. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, UDP for User Datagram Protocol, and ICMP for Internet Control Message Protocol.

49. S. Waldbusser and P. Grillo. "Host Resources MIB," RFC 2790 ( March 2000), http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2790.txt?number=2790.