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Backbone Routers (BRs), 194, 224–25
Backplane design, 457–58
Backup power, 431
Bandwidth, 53
choices, 51
as critical resource, 474
managers, 488
optimizing, 472–87
Berkeley Sockets Multicast API, 244
Biometrics, 331–32
Bit-wise subnets, 138
Blackouts, 461
BOOTP, 92–95
defined, 92
DHCP concurrent use, 102
field definitions, 92–94
issues, 95
message format, 92–94
operations, 94–95
uses, 95
Boot protocols, 475
Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP), 288
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), 205–19
aggregation, 214
attributes, 212
backdoor routes, 215
BGP-4, 213
CIDR and aggregate addresses, 213–14
conceptual design, 209
decision algorithm, 211–12
default routes, 214–15
defined, 205
external (eBGP), 208, 209–10, 211
fields, 205–6
internal (iBGP), 208, 210–11
IRDP, 217
keep alive messages, 207
load balancing, 215–17
message types, 206–7
metrics, 212
Multicast (MBGP), 287
multihoming, 215–17
notification messages, 207
operation, 207–19
packet formats, 205–6
peering, 207–9
protocol stack, 205
route filtering/policy, 213
router discovery protocol selection, 217
routers, 207
routing session, 208
scalability, 213
symmetry, 215–17
update messages, 206–7
Brainstorming, 13
Breath of Life (BOFL) features, 424
Bridges, 41–42, 520
benefits, 47–48
broadcast storms and, 48
defined, 41
filtering/forwarding capabilities, 42
issues, 48–49
price/performance, 47
standards, 41
topological control with, 427
transparent, 48
See also Hardware
Broadcast
AppleTalk, 478
forwarding, 65, 221
relay, 221
sources, 476–78
storms, 48
traffic, reducing, 476–78
Broadcast addresses, 64–66
defined, 64
directed, 64–65
HostID, 65
limited, 64
performance issues, 66
subnet, 65
See also IP addressing
Brownouts, 460–61
Buffered repeaters, 39
Buffering, 232–33
input queuing, 232
output queuing, 233
shared memory, 233
Building blocks, 15–53
applications, 20–24
framework, 15–20
hardware, 37–50
physical connectivity, 50–53
protocols, 24–37
Building design, 466–67
Bump-in-the-Stack (BITS) implementation, 357
Bump-in-the-Wire (BITW) implementation, 357
Bus fabric, 230
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