P
Pointer arithmetic, 222228
comparing addresses, 225226
decrementing pointers, 227228
incrementing pointers, 224225
using variable pointers to point to arrays, 222224
Pointer data types, 215216
Pointer declaration, syntax of, 214215
Pointer notations
passing arrays using, 228230
passing single variables using, 230232
Pointers, 213241
array names as constant, 221222
assigning values to, 216219
declaring, 214216
decrementing, 227228
dynamic memory allocation, 233235
as function arguments, 228232
incrementing, 224225
indirection operator and dereferencing, 219220
null, 217218
pointer arithmetic, 222228
returning pointers from functions, 236239
returning pointers to created variables, 238239
returning pointers to static local variables, 237238
returning to local variables, 236237
unassigned , 216217
variable, 222224
as variables or constants, 220222
Pointers, assigning values to, 216219
assigning pointers the addresses of constants, 218219
assigning pointers the addresses of variables, 218219
null pointers, 217218
unassigned pointers, 216217
Pointers, declaring, 214216
meaning of pointer data types, 215216
syntax of pointer declaration, 214215
Pointers, returning from functions, 236239
returning pointers to created variables, 238239
returning pointers to local variables, 236237
returning pointers to static local variables, 237238
Pointers as function arguments, 228232
passing arrays using pointer notations, 228230
passing single variables using pointer notations, 230232
Pointers as variables or constants, 220222
array names as constant pointers, 221222
pointers as variables, 221
Postfix, differences between prefix and, 128130
Postfix incrementing, 132
Precedence, 8687, 120122
between arithmetic and assignment operators, 6869
between arithmetic operators, 7273
defined, 72
and logical And operator, 121122
and logical Not operator, 121
and logical Or operators, 121122
Prefix and postfix, differences between, 128130
Problem, press any key to continue, 245252
Programming language defined, 23
Programs, anatomy of C++, 37
#include directive, 67
cout, 56
function body, 5
main function, 5
namespaces, 7
return 0 statement, 6
Projects
building, 1719
change machine, 7780
changing source files of, 3740
Prototype and header, function, 175
Prototypes, separating constructor, 304305