objects
16-bit, 22
allocating in contiguous memory, 166
binding of attributes to, 317
constructing from bytes in memory, 147
dynamic, 318
lifetime of, 318
static, 318
octal (base-8) numbering system, 13, 18
conversion, 18
representation, 10, 18
offline storage subsystems, 298
old instructions, legacy support for, 261
one-way set associative cache, 303
online memory subsystems, 298
opcode, 228, 262
80 —86 add, 281
assigning to instructions, 266
expansion (Y86), 272
illegal, 278
length, 263
prefix bytes, 280
undefined, 278
operating system
file managers, 374
file systems, 374
and memory allocation, 325
protected-mode, 346
research and file size , 383
operation
bit-by-bit, 47
on bits, 46
bitwise, 47
codes, 228
floating-point, 80
inhibition, 196
involving infinity, 79
left shift, 52
logical
AND, 46
complement for Boolean, 193
exclusive-OR (XOR), 46
NOT, 46, 47
OR, 46
XOR, 46
memory read, 138
memory write, 138
NAND, 196
NOR, 196
NOT, 46, 47, 192, 196
OR, 46, 192
right shift, 53
rounding, 77
serialized, 149
shift left, 52
shift right, 53
superscalar, 251
system clock, 150
tape read/write, 362
two's complement negation, 25
unstable flip-flop, 221
on the USB, polling, 394
XOR, 46
operator
Boolean, 192
delete memory deallocation, 321
dispose memory deallocation, 321
dot, 183
new memory allocation, 321
precedence of Boolean, 194
right associative, 194
Visual Basic bitwise, 48
optimizing
Boolean functions, 204
cache usage, 305
opto-mechanical mice, 396
OR, 46
gate from NAND gates, 214
instruction (Y86), 269, 276
operation, 46, 192
truth table, 46, 195, 204
order of evaluation in floating-point computation, 68
organization
big endian versus little endian, 144
machine, 3
memory, 133, 137, 316
outboard synthesizer modules, 403
out-of-order execution, 253
output, 329
under USB, 395
output port, 330, 331
D flip-flops as, 333
latch devices as, 330
S/R flip-flops as, 333
typical, 330
write-only, 331
overflow (floating-point exception), 80
overlapping
instruction execution, 241
pipelining, 243
strings, 116