eager approach to comparing floating-point numbers , 71
EBCDIC character set, 107
edge of a clock
falling, 150
rising , 150
efficiency, 6
of packed data, 55
of positional numbering system, 12
of string functions, 112
electronic circuits and Boolean functions, 213
electronic implementation
counters, 223
registers, 222
element
of array, 159, 169
identity, 193
inverse, 193
multidimensional array, 179
ordering, 175
encapsulated data types, 58
encoding
8-, 16-, and 32-bit operands, 292
80 —86 instruction, 279-80
add instruction, 287
add( 5, ax ) , 275
add( al, cl ) , 288
add( cx, dx ) , 274
add( disp, edx ) , 289
add( eax, ecx ) , 288
immediate instruction, 291
direction (D) bit, 282
immediate operands, 291
indexed addressing modes, 159
instruction, 219, 227, 262, 292
operands, 281
source and destination fields, 227
variable-length opcode, 265
jump instruction, 273
machine instructions, 274
mod field, 282
mod-r/m , 283
mov(eax, ebx) , 219
not (ax) , 277
reducing instruction size , 226
reg field, 282
register values for sib , 285
sib base register values, 285
Social Security number packed fields, 61
Y86 instructions, 271, 274
endian
converting, 146
data organization
big, 144
little, 144
machine, 148
end-of-line character, 106
English representation of numeric quantities , 10
entry cache control bit, 335
even banks of memory, 140
excess-127 exponents, 73, 83
excess-1023 exponents, 74
excess-16383 exponents, 74
exclusive-or (XOR), 46
inverse via, 47
operation, 46, 196
execution
concurrent, 243
out-of-order, 253
overlapping, 241
in parallel, 251
pipeline, 245
step-by-step, 229
superscalar, 251
execution units, 229, 252
expandability of CPU design, 261
expansion opcodes (Y86), 272
exponent, 66
biased (excess), 73
excess-127, 73, 83
excess-1023, 74
excess-16383, 74
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC), 107
extended precision floating-point format, 71, 74
extending instruction set with prefix byte, 279
extension
sign, 27-29
zero, 27-29
external fragmentation
on a hard disk drive, 376
in a memory manager, 323
extracting bit fields, 62