Glossary

It's a thingy!

Prairie Barnes

Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)

A language used to define the structure and content of objects such as data records and protocol messages, along the lines of a super-duper version of the typedef in C, only a lot more powerful. ASN.1 was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) environment, and was originally used for writing specifications. More recently, though, tools have been developed that will generate software from ASN.1.

Web reference: The ASN.1 Consortium (http://www.asn1.org/)

See also [Distinguished Encoding Rules]


Astoundium

The element of suprise.



Attacker

In this context, one who attacks a computer system either to gain access or, as in a "Denial of Service attack," to cause a failure in the system or data loss.

See also [Cracker]


Backup Browser

A Browser node which is not elected to be the Local Master Browser, but which stores a backup copy of the Browse List and will respond to client requests for the Browse List. A Potential Browser may decide on its own to become a Backup Browser, or it may be appointed by the Local Master Browser.

See also [Local Master Browser]
See also [Potential Browser]


Backup Domain Controller

(BDC) A Windows NT Domain Controller (DC) which keeps a backup copy of the user / group authentication database in an NT Domain. The master copy is maintained by the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). A Backup Domain Controller can be promoted to the role of PDC in a pinch . Only one PDC is permitted per NT Domain, but there may be any number of BDCs.

See also [Domain Controller]
See also [Primary Domain Controller]


BAF Protocol

The very first name for the protocol formerly known as SMB. The SMB protocol was originally developed by Dr. Barry A. Feigenbaum at IBM and, according to legend, was originally given his initials . It was later renamed SMB and, more recently, CIFS.

See also [CIFS]
See also [Server Message Block (SMB)]


Bran

Pronounced Brahhn . The name of my dog.



Browser Node
See [Potential Browser]
Browser Election

The process by which a browser node on a NetBIOS LAN is chosen to be the primary repository of service information for that LAN (that is, the Local Master Browser). Under NBT, the election process takes place within the confines of the local IP subnet.



CIFS

C ommon I nternet F ile S ystem. The protocol formerly known as Server Message Block (SMB) and, before that, as the BAF protocol (after its original creator, Dr. Barry Feigenbaum). CIFS is a protocol for file and device sharing across a network.

See also [Server Message Block (SMB)]


Cracker

One who attacks a system in an effort to break security, probably to gain unauthorized access.

Goodguy [1] crackers (sometimes called "White Hat" crackers) used to provide the very beneficial service of exposing weaknesses so that they could be fixed, but then the US Congress enacted the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) which made talking about such things illegal in the US and potentially dangerous elsewhere.

[1] The use of the term "good guy " is in no way intended to imply gender.

Do not see also: Hacker

See also [Attacker]


Distinguished Encoding Rules

(DER) A set of rules for encoding and decoding ASN.1 data for network transport. DER provides a standard format for transport of data over a network so that the receiving end can convert the data back into their correct ASN.1 format. DER is a specialized form of a more general encoding known as BER ( B asic E ncoding R ules). DER is designed to work well with security protocols, and is used for encoding Kerberos and LDAP exchanges.

See also [Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)]
See also [Kerberos]
See also [LDAP]


Domain Controller

(DC) An authentication server in a Windows NT or Windows 2000 Domain. A Domain Controller maintains a database of user, group, and machine accounts and other security information, and provides authentication services to the NT or W2K Domain.

In an NT Domain, one of the DCs will be designated the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). All security database administration is handled via the PDC, and copies of the database are then distributed to any available Backup Domain Controllers (BDCs). NT Domain controllers register the Group Special NetBIOS name nt_domain <1C> to identify themselves .

In Windows 2000 Domains the security database is stored in the Active Directory, and there is no distinction between primary and secondary controllers.

See also [Backup Domain Controller]
See also [Primary Domain Controller]


Domain Name System (DNS)

The Domain Name System is a distributed database system that provides mappings between Internet names and Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. The DNS name space is hierarchical in structure.

Web reference: the DNS Resources Directory

(http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/)



Domain Master Browser

(DMB) A host system that is designated to coordinate Browse Lists for matching workgroups across multiple subnets. The DMB receives subnet Browse List updates from Local Master Browsers, combines those lists, and distributes the combined list back to the Local Masters for the workgroup.

See also [Local Master Browser]


Doveryay, no proveryay

Trust, but verify.



Encoded NBT Name

The term used in this book for the fully qualified Second Level Encoded form of the NetBIOS Name and Scope ID. For example, the string

 "\x20EGEFCACACACACACACACACACACACACACA\x2FI\x2FO\x3FUM 
 "\x20EGEFCACACACACACACACACACACACACACA\x2FI\x2FO\x3FUM\0" 
"

is the fully encoded form of the NetBIOS name FE <20> and the scope ID " FI.FO.FUM ".

See also [NBT Name]
See also [First Level Encoding]
See also [Scope ID]
See also [Second Level Encoding]


First Level Encoding

The conversion of a NetBIOS name to a format complying with DNS "best practices."

NetBIOS names may contain characters which are not considered valid for use in DNS names, yet RFC 1001 and RFC 1002 attempted to map the NetBIOS name space into the DNS name space. To work around this conflict, NetBIOS names are encoded by splitting each byte of the name into two nibbles and then adding the value of 'A' ( 0x41 ). Thus, the '&' character ( 0x26 ) would be encoded as " CG ". NetBIOS names are usually padded with spaces before being encoded.

In this book, the term "NBT Name" is used to indicate the fully qualified form of the First Level Encoded name. The NBT Name includes the Scope ID.

See also [NBT Name]
See also [Scope ID]
See also [Second Level Encoding]


GSS-API

G eneric S ecurity S ervice A pplication P rogram I nterface. A generic interface to a set of security services. It makes it possible to write software that does not care what the underlying security mechanisms actually are.

RFC 2078

(http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2078.html)

See also [Simple Protected Negotiation (SPNEGO)]


Hacker

One who fiddles with an existing system to see if it can be improved. Hacking is generally the fine art of [creating and] recursively revising software or a software-based system.

Do not see also: Cracker



Kerberos

A network authentication service developed at MIT and later adopted by Microsoft for use with Windows 2000 and SMB over naked TCP/IP transport.

RFC 1510

(http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1510.html)



LANA

NetBIOS LAN A dapter card.

For the original PC Network System, IBM sold both Broadband and Baseband network interface cards, which they called LAN Adapters. The NBT system supports the concept of a "virtual LANA."

See also [NBT]


LDAP

The L ightweight D irectory A ccess P rotocol. A standard protocol used to access directory services based on the X.500 directory service model (e.g., Novell Directory Services and Microsoft Active Directory).

RFC 2251

(http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2251.html)



Local Master Browser

(LMB) A host system that is "elected" to manage the Browse List for the local IP LAN. The LMB collects service announcements from servers on the local LAN, distributes the Browse List to any Backup Browsers on the LAN, and exchanges service lists with the Domain Master Browser (if there is one).

See also [Domain Master Browser]
See also [Backup Browser]


Machine Name

Host name. A name which is typically assigned in the system configuration and used as the base name creating the NetBIOS names of several important services. The service names are composed by appending a service-specific suffix to the machine name.



Master Browser

A common shorthand for "Local Master Browser."

See also [Local Master Browser]


MIDL

M icrosoft I nterface D efinition L anguage, Microsoft's version of the I nterface D efinition L anguage (IDL). MIDL is used to specify the parameters to MS-RPC function calls. MIDL is also used to define the interfaces to Microsoft's D ynamically L inked L ibrary (DLL) functions.

See also [MS-RPC]


Moore's Law

The observation (by Gordon Moore) that the transistor density on computer chips doubles roughly every 1.5 years. This is generally taken to mean that processing speeds also double every 1.5 years . Software developers compensate by writing bad code and adding unnecessary features to maintain status quo.



MS-RPC

M icro s oft R emote P rocedure C all. RPC in general is a system that allows a process on one system to make function calls against libraries on another system. MS-RPC is Microsoft's implementation of RPC.

See also [MIDL]


NBDD

N et B IOS D atagram D istribution Server. This server relays broadcast and multicast (group) datagrams to all intended recipients.

When a P, M, or H node wishes to send a broadcast or multicast datagram, it will send the datagram to the NBDD. The NBDD will obtain the list of destination IPs from the NBNS and then unicast the datagram to each of those nodes.

Most implementations do not provide NBDD support.

See also [NBNS]


NBNS

N et B IOS N ame S erver. A server providing NetBIOS name to IP address mapping. The NBNS is part of the NBT mechanism and does not need to participate directly in the NetBIOS LAN.

See also [WINS]


NBT

N et B IOS over T CP/IP; also known as NetBT and, less commonly, as TCPBEUI. NBT is an implementation of the NetBIOS API on top of a TCP/IP transport layer.



NBT Name

The term used in this book for the fully qualified First Level Encoded form of the NetBIOS Name and Scope ID. For example, the NBT name

 EGEFCACACACACACACACACACACACACACA.FI.FO.FUM 

is composed of the NetBIOS name FE <20> and the scope ID " FI.FO.FUM ".

See also [Scope ID]
See also [First Level Encoding]


Network Data Representation (NDR)

The on-the-wire encoding for parameters passed via MS-RPC. MS-RPC input parameters are marshalled into NDR format for transmission over the network, and then unmarshalled on the server side. The process is then reversed to return the results.

See also [MS-RPC]


NetBEUI

NetB IOS E xtended U ser I nterface. Also known as N et B IOS F rame Protocol (NBF). NetBEUI provides a simple mapping of NetBIOS API parameters and data to a transport suitable for passing messages on Ethernet and Token Ring networks.

Web reference: NetBIOS NetBEUI NBF Networking , by Timothy D. Evans (http://ourworld. compuserve .com/homepages/timothydevans/contents.htm)



NetBIOS

Net work B asic I nput O utput S ystem. NetBIOS is the A pplication P rogramming I nterface (API) to a proprietary LAN system that was developed by IBM and Sytec. The NetBIOS API has been implemented on top of several different network transports including TCP/IP, DECnet, IPX/SPX, and others.

See also [NBT]
See also [NetBT]


NetBT

NetBIOS over TCP/IP. Better known as NBT.

See also [NBT]


NT Domain

A Workgroup with a Domain Controller.

See also [Domain Controller]
See also [Workgroup]


Phrep

An expletive, roughly equivalent to "dang," "drat," or "bother," but without connotation.



Primary Domain Controller

(PDC) A Windows NT Domain Controller (DC) which keeps the master copy of the user/group authentication database in an NT Domain. Only one PDC is permitted per NT Domain. In addition to registering the nt_domain <1C> Group Special name, the PDC also registers the unique nt_domain <1B> NetBIOS name (where nt_domain is the name of the NT Domain). Microsoft's WINS server ensures that the IP address registered to the nt_domain <1B> name is always at the top of the list of IPs associated with the nt_domain <1C> Group Special name.

See also [Backup Domain Controller]
See also [Domain Controller]


Potential Browser

Any node on a local IP LAN that is willing and able to participate in browser elections and take on the role of Local Master Browser or Backup Browser.

See also [Local Master Browser]
See also [Backup Browser]


Scope ID

A string of dot-separated labels, formatted per DNS naming rules. The Scope ID defines a virtual NBT LAN by dividing the NetBIOS namespace.

See also [NBT Name]
See also [Domain Name System (DNS)]
See also [First Level Encoding]
See also [Second Level Encoding]


Second Level Encoding

The on-the-wire format of an NBT name. The encoding scheme replaces the familiar dot characters used in DNS names with a byte containing the length of the next label. The Second Level Encoded form of the NBT Name

 EGEFCACACACACACACACACACACACACACA.FI.FO.FUM 

would be

 "\x20EGEFCACACACACACACACACACACACACACA\x02FI\x02FO\x03FUM 
 "\x20EGEFCACACACACACACACACACACACACACA\x02FI\x02FO\x03FUM\0" 
"
See also [NBT Name]
See also [Domain Name System (DNS)]
See also [First Level Encoding]


Server Message Block (SMB)

A file- and print-sharing protocol developed by IBM, Intel, 3Com, and Microsoft for use with PC-DOS and MS-DOS. It has since been renamed CIFS.

Also a name for the messages exchanged via the SMB or CIFS protocol. An SMB message is often referred to simply as "an SMB."

See also [CIFS]


Server Service

An SMB filesharing service provider. The Server Service registers a NetBIOS name consisting of the machine name with a suffix value of 0x20 . On many platforms, the Server Service will also accept NBT connection requests with a CALLING NAME of *SMBSERVER<20> .



Simple Protected Negotiation (SPNEGO)

The "Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism" is a protocol used with GSS-API to negotiate authentication mechanisms between a client and server.

RFC 2478

(http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2478.html)

See also [GSS-API]


Suffix Byte

The sixteenth byte of a NetBIOS name. This byte is used to indicate the type of service that has registered the name.



TCPBEUI

Yet another name for NBT. The name TCPBEUI is primarily used by folks from IBM.

See also [NBT]


Thermomostat

The internal sensor that causes your mother to tell you to put on a sweater when she is cold.



WINS

W indows I nternet N ame S ervice. Microsoft's name for their NBNS implementation.

See also [NBNS]


Workgroup

An NT Domain without a Domain Controller. The distinction between an NT Domain and a Workgroup is blurry. The two are basically the same thing, except that an NT Domain has a Domain Controller, which provides authentication services. The Primary Domain Controller also always runs the Domain Master Browser (DMB) service, which coordinates the workgroup Browse Lists across subnets.

See also [Domain Master Browser]
See also [Domain Controller]
See also [Primary Domain Controller]




Implementing CIFS. The Common Internet File System
Implementing CIFS: The Common Internet File System
ISBN: 013047116X
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2002
Pages: 210

flylib.com © 2008-2017.
If you may any questions please contact us: flylib@qtcs.net