7.3 Authoring Compound Documents with Modular XHTML

     

XHTML 1.1 divides the three XHTML DTDs into individual modules. Parameter entities connect the modules by including or leaving out particular modules. Modules include:

Structure module, %xhtml-struct.module;

The absolute bare minimum of elements needed for an HTML document: html , head , title , and body

Text module, %xhtml-text.module;

The basic elements that contain text and other inline elements: abbr , acronym , address , blockquote , br , cite , code , dfn , div , em , h1 , h2 , h3 , h4 , h5 , h6 , kbd , p , pre , q , samp , span , strong , and var

Hypertext module, %xhtml-hypertext.module;

Elements used for linking, that is, the a element

List module, %xhtml-list.module;

Elements used for the three kinds of lists: dl , dt , dd , ul , ol , and li

Applet module, %xhtml-applet.module;

Elements needed for Java applets: applet and param

Presentation module, %xhtml-pres.module;

Presentation oriented markup, that is, the b , big , hr , i , small , sub , sup , and tt elements

Edit module, %xhtml-edit.module;

Elements for revision tracking: del and ins

Bi-Directional Text module, %xhtml-bdo.module;

An indication of directionality when text in left-to-right languages, like English and French, is mixed with text in right-to-left languages, like Hebrew and Arabic

Basic Forms module, %xhtml-basic-form.module;

Forms as defined in HTML 3.2 using the form , input , select , option , and textarea elements

Forms module, %xhtml-form.module;

Forms as defined in HTML 4.0 using the form , input , select , option , textarea , button , fieldset , label , legend , and optgroup elements

Basic Tables module, %xhtml-basic-table.module;

Minimal table support including only the table , caption , th , tr , and td elements

Tables module, %xhtml-table.module;

More complete table support including not only the table , caption , th , tr , and td elements, but also the col , colgroup , tbody , thead , and tfoot elements

Image module, %xhtml-image.module;

The img element

Client-Side Image Map module, %xhtml-csismap.module;

The map and area elements, as well as extra attributes for several other elements needed to support client-side image maps

Server-Side Image Map module, %xhtml-ssismap.module;

Doesn't provide any new elements, but adds the ismap attribute to the img element

Object module, %xhtml-object.module;

The object element used to embed executable content like Java applets and ActiveX controls in web pages

Param module, %xhtml-param.module;

The param element used to pass parameters from web pages to their embedded executable content, such as Java applets and ActiveX controls

Frames module, %xhtml-frames.module;

The elements needed to implement frames including frame , frameset , and noframes

Iframe module, %xhtml-iframe.mod;

The iframe element used for inline frames

Intrinsic Events module, %xhtml-events.module;

Attributes to support scripting like onsubmit and onfocus that are attached to elements declared in other modules

Metainformation module, %xhtml-meta.module;

The meta element used in headers

Scripting module, %xhtml-script.module;

Elements that support JavaScript and VBScript: script and noscript

Stylesheet module, %xhtml-style.module;

The style element used to define Cascading Style Sheets

Link module, %xhtml-link.module;

The link element that specifies relationships to various external documents, such as translations, glossaries, and previous and next pages

Base module, %xhtml-base.module;

The base element that specifies a URL against which relative URLs are resolved

Target module, %xhtml-target.module;

The target attribute that specifies the destination frame or window of a link

Style Attribute module, %xhtml-inlstyle.module;

The style attribute that applies CSS styles to individual elements in the document

Name Identification module, %xhtml-nameident.module;

The name attribute, a deprecated earlier version of the id attribute

Legacy module, %xhtml-legacy.module;

Deprecated elements and attributes including the basefont , center , font , s , strike , and u elements

Ruby module, %xhtml11-ruby.module;

The ruby , rbc , rtc , rb , rt , and rp elements used in East Asian text to place small amounts of text next to body text, generally indicating pronunciation

7.3.1 Mixing XHTML into Your Applications

The advantage to dividing HTML into all these different modules is that you can pick and choose the pieces you want. If your documents use tables, include the Tables module. If your documents don't use tables, then leave it out. You get only the functionality you actually need.

For example, let's suppose you're designing a DTD for a catalog. Each item in the catalog is a catalog_entry element. Each catalog_entry contains a name , price , item_number , color , size , and various other common elements you're likely to find in catalogs. Furthermore, each catalog_entry contains a description of the item. The description contains formatted narrative text. In other words, it looks something like this:

 <catalog_entry>   <name>Aluminum Duck Drainer</name>   <price>34.99</price>   <item_number>54X8</item_number>   <color>silver</color>   <size>XL</size>   <description>     <p>      This sturdy <strong>silver</strong> colored      sink stopper dignifies the <em>finest      kitchens</em>. It makes a great gift for     </p>     <ul>       <li>Christmas</li>       <li>Birthdays</li>       <li>Mother's Day</li>     </ul>     <p>and all other occasions!</p>   </description> </catalog_entry> 

It's easy enough to write this markup. The tricky part is validating it. Rather than reinventing a complete DTD to describe all the formatting that's needed in straightforward narrative descriptions, you can reuse XHTML. The XHTML 1.1 DTD makes heavy use of parameter entity references to define content specifications and attribute lists for the different elements. Three entity references are of particular note:

%Inline.mix;

A choice containing all the elements that don't generally require a line break, such as em , a , and q . That is, it resolves to:

 br  span  em  strong  dfn  code  samp  kbd  var  cite  abbr   acronym  q  tt  i  b  big  small  sub  sup  bdo  a  img  map   applet  ruby  input  select  textarea  label  button  ins  del   script  noscript 

%Block.mix;

A choice containing all the elements that generally require a line break, like p , blockquote , and ul . That is, it resolves to:

 h1  h2  h3 h4  h5  h6 ul ol dl p  div  pre blockquote   address  hr  table  form  fieldset  ins  del  script  noscript 

%Flow.mix;

A choice containing both of the previous; that is, it resolves to:

 h1  h2  h3  h4  h5  h6  ul  ol  dl  p  div  pre  blockquote   address  hr  table  form  fieldset  br  span  em  strong  dfn   code  samp  kbd  var  cite  abbr  acronym  q  tt  i  b  big   small  sub  sup  bdo  a  img  map  applet  ruby  input   select  textarea  label  button  ins  del  script  noscript 

You can declare that the description element contains essentially any legal XHTML fragment, like this:

 <!ENTITY % xhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "xhtml11.dtd"> %xhtml; <!ELEMENT description (#PCDATA  %Flow.mix;)*> 

If you wanted to require description to contain only block elements at the top level, you'd instead declare it like this:

 <!ENTITY % xhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "xhtml11.dtd"> %xhtml; <!ELEMENT description ((%Block.mix;)*)> 

The first two lines import the XHTML driver DTD from a relative URL. You can get this DTD and the other local files it depends on from the zip archive at http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/xhtml11.zip. The second line uses an entity reference defined in that DTD to set the content specification for the description element.

The XHTML 1.1 driver DTD imports modules from two other W3C specifications, Modularization of XHTML (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml- modularization ) and Ruby Annotation (http://www.w3.org/TR/ruby), using absolute URLs that point to the W3C's web site. If you're not reliably connected to the Internet at high speed, you might want to use the flat version of this DTD, xhtml11-flat.dtd , instead. This bundles all the different modules in a single file.

Unfortunately, this goes a little too far. It includes not only the pieces of HTML you want, such as p , em , and ul , but also a lot of elements you don't want in a printed catalog, such as a , applet , map , and a lot more. However, you can omit these. The main XHTML DTD imports each module inside an INCLUDE / IGNORE block, such as this one for the hypertext module:

 <!-- Hypertext Module (required) ................................. --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-hypertext.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-hypertext.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-hypertext.mod  PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML Hypertext 1.0//EN"    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/DTD/xhtml-hypertext-1.mod" > %xhtml-hypertext.mod;]]> 

If the %xhtml-hypertext.module; parameter entity reference has previously been defined as IGNORE instead of INCLUDE , that declaration takes precedence; all the elements and attributes defined in the Hypertext module ( specifically , the a element) are left out of the resulting DTD.

Let's say you just want the Structure, Basic Text, and List modules. Then you use a driver DTD that redefines the parameter entity references for the other modules as IGNORE . Example 7-4 demonstrates .

Example 7-4. A catalog DTD that uses basic XHTML but omits a lot of elements

 <!ELEMENT catalog (catalog_entry*)> <!ELEMENT catalog_entry (name, price, item_number, color, size, description)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT size (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT item_number (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT color (#PCDATA)>       <!-- throw away the modules we don't need --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-hypertext.module "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-ruby.module      "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-edit.module      "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-pres.module      "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-applet.module    "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-param.module     "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-bidi.module      "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-form.module      "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-table.module     "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-image.module     "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-csismap.module   "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-ssismap.module   "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-meta.module      "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-script.module    "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-style.module     "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-link.module      "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % xhtml-base.module      "IGNORE" >       <!-- import the XHTML DTD, at least those parts we aren't ignoring.      You will probably need to change the system ID to point to      whatever directory you've stored the DTD in. --> <!ENTITY % xhtml11.mod PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"                               "xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> %xhtml11.mod;   <!ELEMENT description ( %Block.mix; )+> 

7.3.2 Mixing Your Applications into XHTML

An even more important feature of Modular XHTML is the option to add new elements that HTML doesn't support. For instance, to include SVG pictures in your documents, you just have to import the SVG DTD and redefine the Misc.extra parameter entity to allow the SVG root element svg . (This only lets you validate XHTML documents that contain SVG markup. It doesn't magically give the browser the ability to render these pictures.) You accomplish this by redefining any of these three parameter entity references:

%Inline.extra;

Place the root elements of your application here if you want them to be added to the content specifications of inline elements, such as span , em , code , and textarea .

%Block.extra;

Place the root elements of your application here if you want them to be added to the content specifications of block elements, such as div , h1 , p , and pre .

%Misc.extra;

Place the root elements of your application here if you want them to be added to the content specifications of both block and inline elements.

The definition of each of these parameter entities should be a list of the elements you want to add to the content specification separated by vertical bars and beginning with a vertical bar. For instance, to include MathML equations as both inline and block elements, you'd import the MathML DTD and redefine the Misc.extra parameter entity to include the MathML root element math like this:

 <!ENTITY % Misc.extra " math"> 

If you wanted to allow block-level MathML equations and SVG pictures, you'd import their respective DTDs and redefine the Block.extra parameter entity like this:

 <!ENTITY % Block.extra " math  svg"> 

Order is important here. The MathML DTD and the Block.extra declaration both have to be parsed before the XHTML DTD is parsed. Example 7-5 demonstrates with a DTD that mixes MathML 1.0 and XHTML, throwing in a namespace declaration for good measure.

Example 7-5. A DTD that mixes MathML into XHTML and MathML

 <!ENTITY % mathml SYSTEM "mathml/mathml.dtd"> %mathml;       <!ATTLIST math xmlns CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">       <!ENTITY % Misc.extra " math">       <!ENTITY % xhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> %xhtml; 

You can also mix new elements like math into individual elements like p without changing all the other block elements. The content specification for each XHTML element is defined by a parameter entity named Element .content , for example, %p.content; , %em.content; , %td.content; and so forth. The standard definition of p.content looks like this:

 <!ENTITY % p.content      "( #PCDATA  %Inline.mix; )*" > 

To allow the math element to be a child of p elements, but not of every other block element, you would redefine p.content like this:

 <!ENTITY % p.content "( #PCDATA  %Inline.mix;  math )*" > 

The XHTML 1.1 DTD is quite sophisticated. There are a lot more tricks you can play by mixing and matching different parts of the DTD, mostly by defining and redefining different parameter entity references. The easiest way to learn about these is by reading the raw DTDs. In many cases, the comments in the DTD are more descriptive and accurate than the prose specification.

7.3.3 Mixing Your Own XHTML

The XHTML 1.1 DTD does not include all of the modules that are available. For instance, frames and the legacy presentational elements are deliberately omitted and cannot easily be turned on. This is the W3C's not-so-subtle way of telling you that you shouldn't be using these elements in the first place. If you do want to use them, you'll need to create your own complete DTD using the individual modules you require.

To do this, you must first define the namespace URI and prefixed names for your elements and attributes. The W3C provides a template you can adapt for this purpose at http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/DTD/templates/template-qname-1.mod. Example 7-6 demonstrates with a DTD fragment that defines the names for the today and quoteoftheday elements that one of the authors (Harold) uses on his web sites. The module is based on the W3C-provided template.

Example 7-6. A DTD module to define the today and quoteoftheday elements' names and namespaces

 <!-- ........................................................... --> <!-- CafeML Qualified Names Module ............................. --> <!-- file: cafe-qname-1.mod            This is an extension of XHTML, a reformulation of HTML as      a modular XML application.            This DTD module is identified by the PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers:       PUBLIC "-//Elliotte Rusty Harold//ELEMENTS CafeML Qualified Names 1.0//EN"        "cafe-qname-1.mod"            ........................................................... -->       <!-- NOTES:  Using the CafeML Qualified Names Extension            This is a module for a markup language 'CafeML',      which currently declares two extension elements, quoteoftheday      and today. The parameter entity naming convention uses uppercase      for the entity name and lowercase for namespace prefixes, hence      this example uses 'CAFEML' and 'cafeml' respectively.            Please note the three case variants:                'CafeML'   the human-readable markup language name          'CAFEML'   used as a parameter entity name prefix          'cafeml'   used as the default namespace prefix            The %NS.prefixed; conditional section keyword must be declared      as "INCLUDE" in order to allow prefixing to be used. -->       <!-- :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -->       <!-- CafeML Qualified Names            This module is contained in two parts, labeled Section 'A' and 'B':              Section A declares parameter entities to support namespace-        qualified names, namespace declarations, and name prefixing        for CafeML.              Section B declares parameter entities used to provide        namespace-qualified names for all CafeML element types.            The recommended step-by-step program for creating conforming      modules is enumerated below, and spans both the CafeML Qualified      Names Template and CafeML Extension Template modules. --> <!-- Section A: CafeML XML Namespace Framework :::::::::::::::::::: -->       <!-- 1. Declare a %CAFEML.prefixed; conditional section keyword, used         to activate namespace prefixing. The default value should         inherit '%NS.prefixed;' from the DTD driver, so that unless         overridden, the default behavior follows the overall DTD         prefixing scheme. --> <!ENTITY % NS.prefixed "IGNORE" > <!ENTITY % CAFEML.prefixed "%NS.prefixed;" >       <!-- 2. Declare a parameter entity (e.g., %CAFEML.xmlns;) containing         the URI reference used to identify the Module namespace: --> <!ENTITY % CAFEML.xmlns  "http://www.cafeconleche.org/xmlns/cafeml" >       <!-- 3. Declare parameter entities (e.g., %CAFEML.prefix;) containing         the default namespace prefix string(s) to use when prefixing         is enabled. These may be overridden in the DTD driver or the         internal subset of a document instance. If no default prefix         is desired, this may be declared as an empty string.            NOTE: As specified in [XMLNAMES], the namespace prefix serves      as a proxy for the URI reference and is not in itself significant. --> <!ENTITY % CAFEML.prefix  "cafeml" >       <!-- 4. Declare parameter entities (e.g., %CAFEML.pfx;) containing the         colonized prefix(es) (e.g., '%CAFEML.prefix;:') used when         prefixing is active, an empty string when it is not. --> <![%CAFEML.prefixed;[ <!ENTITY % CAFEML.pfx  "%CAFEML.prefix;:" > ]]> <!ENTITY % CAFEML.pfx  "" >       <!-- 5. The parameter entity %CAFEML.xmlns.extra.attrib; may be         redeclared to contain any non-CafeML namespace declaration         attributes for namespaces embedded in CafeML. When prefixing         is active it contains the prefixed xmlns attribute and any         namespace declarations embedded in CafeML, otherwise an empty         string. --> <![%CAFEML.prefixed;[ <!ENTITY % CAFEML.xmlns.extra.attrib       "xmlns:%CAFEML.prefix; %URI.datatype;   #FIXED '%CAFEML.xmlns;'" > ]]> <!ENTITY % CAFEML.xmlns.extra.attrib "" >       <!ENTITY % XHTML.xmlns.extra.attrib       "%CAFEML.xmlns.extra.attrib;" >       <!-- Section B: CafeML Qualified Names ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -->       <!-- This section declares parameter entities used to provide      namespace-qualified names for all CafeML element types. --> <!-- module:  cafe-1.mod --> <!ENTITY % CAFEML.quoteoftheday.qname  "%CAFEML.pfx;quoteoftheday" > <!ENTITY % CAFEML.today.qname   "%CAFEML.pfx;today" >       <!-- end of cafe-qname-1.mod --> 

Next you have to define the elements and attributes with these names in a module of your own creation. The W3C provides a template, which you can adapt for this purpose, at http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/DTD/templates/template-1.mod. This template uses the same techniques and follows the same patterns as XHTML's built-in modules, for example, parameter entity references that resolve to INCLUDE or IGNORE .

Example 7-7 demonstrates with a DTD fragment that defines the today and quoteoftheday elements. The today element can contain any block-level content through the Block.mix parameter entity and has a required date attribute. The quoteoftheday element always contains exactly one blockquote element followed by exactly one p element with no attributes.

Example 7-7. A DTD module to define the today and quoteoftheday elements

 <!-- ............................................................ --> <!-- CAFEML Extension Template Module ........................... --> <!-- file: CafeML-1.mod            This is an extension of XHTML, a reformulation of HTML as      a modular XML application.            This DTD module is identified by the PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers:              PUBLIC "Elliotte Rusty Harold//ELEMENTS CafeML Qualified Names 1.0//EN"        SYSTEM "CafeML-1.mod"            Revisions:      (none)      ........................................................... -->       <!-- Extension Template            This sample template module declares two extension elements,      today and quoteoftheday. The parameter entity naming      convention uses uppercase for the entity name and lowercase      for namespace prefixes. Hence this example uses 'CAFEML' and      'cafe' respectively.            This module declares parameter entities used to provide      namespace-qualified names for all CAFEML element types,      as well as an extensible framework for attribute-based      namespace declarations on all element types.            The %NS.prefixed; conditional section keyword must be      declared as "INCLUDE" in order to allow prefixing to be used.      By default, foreign (i.e., non-XHTML) namespace modules should      inherit %NS.prefixed; from XHTML, but this can be overridden      when prefixing of only the non-XHTML markup is desired.            XHTML's default value for the 'namespace prefix' is an empty      string. The Prefix value can be redeclared either in a DTD      driver or in a document's internal subset as appropriate.            NOTE: As specified in [XMLNAMES], the namespace prefix serves as      a proxy for the URI reference and is not in itself significant. -->       <!-- ................................................................  -->       <!-- 1. Declare the xmlns attributes used by CAFEML dependent on whether         CAFEML's prefixing is active. This should be used on all CAFEML         element types as part of CAFEML's common attributes.               If the entire DTD is namespace-prefixed, CAFEML should inherit         %NS.decl.attrib;. Otherwise it should declare %NS.decl.attrib;         plus a default xmlns attribute on its own element types. --> <![%CAFEML.prefixed;[ <!ENTITY % CAFEML.xmlns.attrib      "%NS.decl.attrib;" > ]]> <!ENTITY % CAFEML.xmlns.attrib      "xmlns        %URI.datatype;           #FIXED '%CAFEML.xmlns;'" >       <!-- now include the module's various markup declarations ........ -->       <!ENTITY % CAFEML.Common.attrib      "%CAFEML.xmlns.attrib;       id           ID                       #IMPLIED" >       <!-- 2. In the attribute list for each element, declare the XML Namespace         declarations that are legal in the document instance by including         the %NamespaceDecl.attrib; parameter entity in the ATTLIST of         each element type. -->       <!ENTITY % CAFEML.today.qname  "today" > <!ELEMENT %CAFEML.today.qname;  ( %Flow.mix; )* > <!ATTLIST %CAFEML.today.qname;       %CAFEML.Common.attrib;       date CDATA #REQUIRED >       <!ENTITY % CAFEML.quoteoftheday.qname  "quoteoftheday" > <!ELEMENT %CAFEML.quoteoftheday.qname;  ( %blockquote.qname;,                                           %p.qname; ) > <!ATTLIST %CAFEML.quoteoftheday.qname;       %CAFEML.Common.attrib; >       <!-- 3. If the module adds attributes to elements defined in modules that         do not share the namespace of this module, declare those         attributes so that they use the %CAFEML.pfx; prefix. For example:       <!ENTITY % CAFEML.img.myattr.qname "%CAFEML.pfx;myattr" > <!ATTLIST %img.qname;       %CAFEML.img.myattr.qname;  CDATA      #IMPLIED >        This would add a myattr attribute to the img element of the Image Module,  but the attribute's name will be the qualified name, including prefix,  when prefixes are selected for a document instance.        We do not need to do this for this module.       -->       <!-- end of CafeML-1.mod --> 

Next you need to write a document model module that defines the parameter entities used for content specifications in the various modulesnot only the CafeML modules, but the XHTML modules as well. (This is how your elements become part of the various XHTML elements.) The W3C does not provide a template for this purpose. However, it's normally easy to adapt the document model module from either XHTML 1.1 or XHTML Basic to include your new elements. Example 7-8 is a document model module based on the XHTML 1.1 document model module.

Example 7-8. A document model module for CafeML

 <!-- ............................................................ --> <!-- CafeML Model Module  ....................................... --> <!-- file: CafeML-model-1.mod         PUBLIC "-//Elliotte Rusty Harold//ELEMENTS XHTML CafeML Model 1.0//EN"   SYSTEM "CafeML-model-1.mod"            xmlns:cafeml="http://www.cafeconleche.org/xmlns/cafeml"      ............................................................ -->       <!-- Define the content model for Misc.extra --> <!ENTITY % Misc.extra      " %CAFEML.today.qname;  %CAFEML.quoteoftheday.qname; ">       <!-- ....................  Inline Elements  ..................... -->       <!ENTITY % HeadOpts.mix      "( %meta.qname; )*" >       <!ENTITY % I18n.class "" >       <!ENTITY % InlStruct.class "%br.qname;  %span.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % InlPhras.class      " %em.qname;  %strong.qname;  %dfn.qname;  %code.qname;        %samp.qname;  %kbd.qname;  %var.qname;  %cite.qname;        %abbr.qname;  %acronym.qname;  %q.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % InlPres.class "" >       <!ENTITY % Anchor.class " %a.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % InlSpecial.class " %img.qname; " >       <!ENTITY % Inline.extra "" >       <!-- %Inline.class; includes all inline elements,      used as a component in mixes --> <!ENTITY % Inline.class      "%InlStruct.class;       %InlPhras.class;       %InlPres.class;       %Anchor.class;       %InlSpecial.class;" >       <!-- %InlNoAnchor.class; includes all non-anchor inlines,      used as a component in mixes -->       <!ENTITY % InlNoAnchor.class      "%InlStruct.class;       %InlPhras.class;       %InlPres.class;       %InlSpecial.class;" >       <!-- %InlNoAnchor.mix; includes all non-anchor inlines --> <!ENTITY % InlNoAnchor.mix      "%InlNoAnchor.class;       %Misc.class;" >       <!-- %Inline.mix; includes all inline elements, including %Misc.class; --> <!ENTITY % Inline.mix      "%Inline.class;       %Misc.class;" >       <!-- .....................  Block Elements  ...................... --> <!ENTITY % Heading.class      "%h1.qname;  %h2.qname;  %h3.qname;        %h4.qname;  %h5.qname;  %h6.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % List.class "%ul.qname;  %ol.qname;  %dl.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % BlkStruct.class "%p.qname;  %div.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % BlkPhras.class      " %pre.qname;  %blockquote.qname;  %address.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % BlkPres.class " %hr.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % Block.extra "" >       <!ENTITY % Table.class " %table.qname;" >       <!ENTITY % BlkSpecial.class      "%Table.class;" >       <!-- %Block.class; includes all block elements,      used as an component in mixes --> <!ENTITY % Block.class      "%BlkStruct.class;       %BlkPhras.class;       %BlkPres.class;       %BlkSpecial.class;       %Block.extra;" >       <!-- %Block.mix; includes all block elements plus %Misc.class; --> <!ENTITY % Block.mix      "%Heading.class;        %List.class;        %Block.class;       %Misc.class;" >       <!-- ................  All Content Elements  .................. -->       <!-- %Flow.mix; includes all text content, block and inline --> <!ENTITY % Flow.mix      "%Heading.class;        %List.class;        %Block.class;        %Inline.class;       %Misc.class;" >       <!-- special content model for pre element --> <!ENTITY % pre.content     "( #PCDATA       %Inline.class; )*" >       <!-- end of CafeML-model-1.mod --> 

Finally, replace the standard XHTML DTD, which only imports the normal XHTML modules, with a new one that imports the standard modules you want as well as any new modules you've defined. Again, the W3C offers a template for this purpose, which you can download from http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/DTD/templates/template.dtd. This template is a minimal DTD that makes the necessary imports and declares the necessary parameter entity references upon which all the other modules depend. Example 7-9 is a DTD based on this template. It merges in the element module defined in Example 7-7, as well as the standard XHTML tables, images, meta, and block presentation modules.

Example 7-9. An XHTML DTD that mixes in the Cafe DTD

 <!-- ................................................................. --> <!-- XHTML + CafeML DTD  ............................................. --> <!-- file: CafeML.dtd -->       <!-- CafeML DTD --> <!-- Please use this formal public identifier to identify it:          "-//Elliotte Rusty Harold//DTD XHTML CafeDTD//EN" --> <!ENTITY % XHTML.version  "-//W3C//DTD XHTML CafeDTD//EN" >       <!-- Bring in any qualified name modules outside of XHTML --> <!ENTITY % CAFEML-qname.mod SYSTEM "cafe-qname-1.mod"> %CAFEML-qname.mod;       <!-- Define any extra prefixed namespaces that this DTD relies upon --> <!ENTITY NS.prefixed.extras.attrib "" >       <!-- Define the Content Model file for the framework to use --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-model.mod SYSTEM "CafeML-model-1.mod" >       <!-- reserved for future use with document profiles --> <!ENTITY % XHTML.profile  "" >       <!-- Bi-directional text support      This feature-test entity is used to declare elements      and attributes used for internationalization support.      Set it to INCLUDE or IGNORE as appropriate for your markup language. --> <!ENTITY % XHTML.bidi            "IGNORE" >       <!-- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: --> <!-- Pre-Framework Redeclaration placeholder  .................... --> <!-- This serves as a location to insert markup declarations      into the DTD prior to the framework declarations. --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-prefw-redecl.module "IGNORE" > <![%xhtml-prefw-redecl.module;[ %xhtml-prefw-redecl.mod; <!-- end of xhtml-prefw-redecl.module -->]]>       <!-- The events module should be included here if you need it. In this      skeleton it is IGNOREd. --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-events.module "IGNORE" >       <!-- Modular Framework Module  ................................... --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-framework.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-framework.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-framework.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES XHTML 1.1 Modular Framework 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-framework-1.mod" > %xhtml-framework.mod;]]>       <!-- Post-Framework Redeclaration placeholder  ................... --> <!-- This serves as a location to insert markup declarations      into the DTD following the framework declarations. --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-postfw-redecl.module "IGNORE" > <![%xhtml-postfw-redecl.module;[ %xhtml-postfw-redecl.mod; <!-- end of xhtml-postfw-redecl.module -->]]>       <!-- Text Module (required)  ............................... --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-text.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-text.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-text.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML 1.1 Text 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-text-1.mod" > %xhtml-text.mod;]]>       <!-- Hypertext Module (required) ................................. --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-hypertext.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-hypertext.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-hypertext.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML 1.1 Hypertext 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-hypertext-1.mod" > %xhtml-hypertext.mod;]]>       <!-- Lists Module (required)  .................................... --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-list.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-list.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-list.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML 1.1 Lists 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-list-1.mod" > %xhtml-list.mod;]]>       <!-- Your modules can be included here.  Use the basic form defined above,      and be sure to include the public FPI definition in your catalog file      for each module that you define. You may also include W3C-defined      modules at this point. --> <!-- CafeML Module (custom module)  ....................... --> <!ENTITY % cafeml.module "INCLUDE" > <![%cafeml.module;[ <!ENTITY % cafeml.mod      PUBLIC "-//Cafe con Leche//XHTML Extensions today 1.0//EN"             "CafeML-1.mod" > %cafeml.mod;]]>       <!-- Tables Module (optional)  ....................... --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-table.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-table.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-table.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML Tables 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-table-1.mod" > %xhtml-table.mod;]]>       <!-- Meta Module (optional)  ....................... --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-meta.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-meta.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-meta.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML Meta 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-meta-1.mod" > %xhtml-meta.mod;]]>       <!-- Image Module (optional)  ....................... --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-image.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-image.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-image.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML Images 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-image-1.mod" > %xhtml-image.mod;]]>       <!-- Block Presentation Module (optional)  ....................... --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-blkpres.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-blkpres.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-blkpres.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML Block Presentation 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-blkpres-1.mod" > %xhtml-blkpres.mod;]]>       <!-- Document Structure Module (required)  ....................... --> <!ENTITY % xhtml-struct.module "INCLUDE" > <![%xhtml-struct.module;[ <!ENTITY % xhtml-struct.mod      PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML 1.1 Document Structure 1.0//EN"             "xhtml-struct-1.mod" > %xhtml-struct.mod;]]>       <!-- end of CAFEML DTD  .............................................. -->  <!-- ................................................................. -->