Summary

This chapter focused on troubleshooting models, tools, and approaches. You should be familiar with this preliminary information before you approach the technology-specific troubleshooting covered in the following parts of this book. Part of the discussion was about layered interconnection models because the following discussion in the book is based on the layer-by-layer troubleshooting model, starting from Layer 1. You have learned about baseline, performance characteristics, and some common and Cisco-specific troubleshooting tools. The PathChar utility, NetCat utility, and SAA of Cisco are discussed in more detail and are recommended for different aspects of the troubleshooting process.