Conventions Used in this Book

The following is a list of the typographical conventions used in this book:

Italic

Used to indicate new terms, URLs, filenames, file extensions, directories, and program names . For example, a path in the filesystem will appear as /Developer/Applications .

Constant width

Used to show code examples, commands and options, the contents of files, and the output from commands.

  Constant width bold  

Used for emphasis and user input in code.

Constant width italic

Used in examples and tables to show text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.

You should pay special attention to notes set apart from the text with the following icons:

This is a tip, suggestion, or general note. It contains useful supplementary information about the topic at hand.

This is a warning or note of caution.

The thermometer icons, found next to each hack, indicate the relative complexity of the hack:

beginner

moderate

expert