I

IETF

See Internet Engineering Task Force

IIS

See Internet Information Server

IL

See Intermediate Language

Imperative Security

A type of .NET Framework security that relies on the use of programming statements to perform security tasks. This form of security doesn’t appear within the manifest, so CLR must evaluate it at runtime. While imperative security is more flexible and less likely to cause cracker intrusions, it’s also more difficult to find in the code and doesn’t provide the self-documenting efficiency of declarative security.

Impersonation

Using the name and/or credentials of another object to obtain access to resources or services. For example, when a user makes a request of a server, the server may use impersonation to request services or resources from another server on the user’s behalf. Although impersonation is a necessary and useful strategy for managing services and resources, it can also become a security problem when a third party that isn’t allowed to impersonate a caller does so without the caller’s knowledge.

Infrared Data Association (IrDA)

The standards association responsible for creating infrared data port standards. These ports normally are used to create a connection between a portable device (such as a laptop or PDA) and a stationary device or network. Devices include printers, PCs, modems, and mice.

Infrastructure

The underlying base of an organization or system. One way to view infrastructure is as a foundation on which all other elements of a system or organization are attached. Many vendors use this term to indicate the compatibility of their product with existing installations.

Initialization Vector (IV)

The seed (numeric) value provided as input to many encryption and hash algorithms.

Intermediate Language (IL)

The common language that all .NET compilers output. The Common Language Runtime (CLR) interprets the tokens that reside in the IL. The use of a tokenized output ensures that all languages can share the functionality provided by the .NET Framework. Because CLR understands this one common language, any compiler that produces it is compatible with .NET.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

The standards group tasked with finding solutions to pressing technology problems on the Internet. This group can approve standards created both within the organization itself and outside the organization as part of other group efforts. For example, Microsoft has requested the approval of several new Internet technologies through this group. If approved, the technologies would become an Internet-wide standard performing data transfer and other specific kinds of tasks.

Internet Information Server (IIS)

Microsoft’s full-fledged Web server that normally runs under

the Windows Server operating system. IIS includes all the features that you’d normally expect with a Web server: FTP and HTTP protocols along with both mail and news services. Older versions of IIS also support the Gopher protocol; newer versions don’t provide this support because most Web sites no longer need it.

Internet Protocol (IP)

The information exchange portion of the TCP/IP protocol used by the Internet. IP is an actual data transfer protocol that defines how the sender places information into packets and transmits from one place to another. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is the protocol that defines how the actual data transfer takes place.

IP

See Internet Protocol

IrDA

See Infrared Data Association

IV

See Initialization Vector

IWAM

Web Application Management Interface