Index_I

I

I/O

reducing for CPU performance 220

threaded I/O 223

I/O-bound applications 223

I/O optimization 215

BUFNO= system option 218

BUFSIZE= system option 218

CATCACHE= system option 218

COMPRESS= system option 218

creating data sets 217

DROP statement 216

engine efficiency 218

FIRSTOBS= data set option 217

indexes 217

KEEP statement 216

LENGTH statement 216

OBS= data set option 217

SASFILE statement 219

views for data access 217

WHERE processing 216

IBM mainframes

floating-point representation 91

ID management

ARM macros for 58

IEEE standard

floating-point representation 94

illegal operations

missing values and 105

implicit catalog concatenation 568

importing data

into data sets 321

IN= data set option

creating variables 83

IN operator 202

in character comparisons 121

in numeric comparisons 120

INDEX= data set option

creating indexes 527

index files 519

index type 80

indexed data files

adding observations to 537

appending data to 538

copying 536

sorting 537

updating 537

indexes 518

benefits of 519

buffer requirements 524

BY processing with 533

composite indexes 521

compound optimization 521

costs of 522

CPU cost 523

creating 524, 526

creating with DATASETS procedure 526

creating with INDEX= data set option 527

creating with SQL procedure 527

data file considerations 524

definition 518

disk space requirements 524

displaying data file information 535

encryption with 599

engines and 605

error checking 428

for BY- group processing 379

I/O cost 523

I/O optimization and 217

index files 519

integrity constraints and 508, 538

key variable candidates 525

maintaining 535

missing values 522

multiple occurrences of values 537

passwords with 599

recovering 538, 613

simple indexes 520

specifying with KEY= option 534

taking advantage of 535

types of 520

unique values 522

updating data sets 422, 428

use considerations 525

WHERE and BY processing with 534

WHERE processing with 527

INFILE statement

data-reading features 366

infix operators 117

INFORMAT statement

creating variables 82

specifying informats 31

informats 29, 80

binary informats 370

byte ordering for integer binary data 32

data conversions 38

date values and 131

datetime values and 131

encodings 38

packed decimal data 34

permanent 31

specifying 30

specifying with ATTRIB statement 31

specifying with INFORMAT statement 31

specifying with INPUT functions 30

specifying with INPUT statement 30

syntax 29

temporary 31

time values and 131

user -defined 32

zoned decimal data 34

input buffers 332

creating 333

input data sets

data set options with 25

dropping variables 88

keeping variables 88

input data sources 12

INPUT functions

specifying informats 30

input pointer 334

INPUT statement

column input 364

data-reading features 366

defining variables when reading raw data 82

formatted input 365

input style 362

list input 363

modified list input 363

named input 365

reading raw data 362

specifying informats 30

input style

choosing 362

column input 364

formatted input 365

list input 363

modified list input 363

named input 365

instream data 361

input to SAS programs 12

semicolons in 362

INTCK function

interval boundaries and 141

integer binary data

byte ordering 32

integer binary notation 33

integrity constraints 505

creating with DATASETS procedure 512

creating with SCL 513

creating with SQL procedure 513

definition 505

examples 512

foreign key constraints 505

general constraints 505

indexes and 508, 538

listing 511

locking 508

overlapping primary key and foreign key constraints 506, 517

passwords and 508

preservation of 507

reactivating 517

referential constraints 505

rejected observations 512

removing 516

specifying 511

interactive line mode 8

interface data files 489

interface DATA step engine 577

interface library engines 607

interface view engine 608

ACCESS procedure and 576

interface views 541

interleaving data sets 395, 405

comments and comparisons 409

examples 406

sort requirements 406

internal SAS processing transactions 231

interval 137

INTNX function

interval boundaries and 141

invalid data 367

_IORC_ automatic variable 428

error-checking with 159

IS MISSING operator 204

IS NULL operator 204

iterative DO loops 453

processing selected array elements 453