S

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Scope

In DHCP, the range of IP addresses available to be leased to DHCP clients by the DHCP service. In groups, scope describes where in the network permissions can be assigned to the group.

Security Accounts Manager (SAM)

Manager of user account information including group membership. A service used at logon.

Security Identifier (SID)

A unique number assigned to every computer, group, and user account on a Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, or Windows NT network. Internal processes in the operating system refer to an account’s SID, rather than to a name. A deleted SID is never reused.

Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)

A protocol used to run IP over serial lines or telephone lines using modems. Rapidly being replaced by Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP). SLIP is part of Windows remote access for compatibility with other remote access software.

Server

A computer that provides a service to other computers on a network. A file server, for example, provides files to client machines.

Shadow copies

Point-in-time copies of files on network shares. With shadow copies of shared folders, you can view the contents of network folders as they existed at specific times in the past.

Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)

A TCP/IP protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers.

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

An XML/HTTP–based protocol that provides a way for applications to communicate with each other over the Internet, independent of platform.

Smart card

A credit card–sized device that securely stores user credentials and other personal information such as passwords, certificates, and public and private keys.

Socket

An end point to a connection. Two sockets form a complete path for a bidirectional pipe for incoming and outgoing data between networked computers. The Windows Sockets API is a networking API for programmers writing for the Windows family of products.

Subnet

The portion of a TCP/IP network in which all devices share a common prefix. For example, all devices with an IP address that starts with 198 are on the same subnet. IP networks are divided using a subnet mask.

Superscope

A collection of scopes grouped into a single administrative whole. Grouping scopes together into a superscope makes it possible to have more than one logical subnet on a physical subnet.

SystemRoot

The path and folder where the Windows system files are located. The variable %SystemRoot% can be used in paths to replace the actual location. To identify the SystemRoot folder on a computer, type %SystemRoot% at a command prompt.

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