| |  | Copyright |
| | | About the Web Site |
| | | Preface |
| | | | Acknowledgments |
| | | Part I: Fundamentals |
| | | | Chapter 1. Technology's Impact on Programs |
| | | | Section 1.1. Terminology of Change |
| | | | Section 1.2. Time and Speed |
| | | | Section 1.3. Multiprogramming and Time Sharing |
| | | | Section 1.4. Concurrency at the Applications Level |
| | | | Section 1.5. Security and Fault Tolerance |
| | | | Section 1.6. Buffer Overflows for Breaking and Entering |
| | | | Section 1.7. UNIX Standards |
| | | | Section 1.8. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 2. Programs, Processes and Threads |
| | | | Section 2.1. How a Program Becomes a Process |
| | | | Section 2.2. Threads and Thread of Execution |
| | | | Section 2.3. Layout of a Program Image |
| | | | Section 2.4. Library Function Calls |
| | | | Section 2.5. Function Return Values and Errors |
| | | | Section 2.6. Argument Arrays |
| | | | Section 2.7. Thread-Safe Functions |
| | | | Section 2.8. Use of Static Variables |
| | | | Section 2.9. Structure of Static Objects |
| | | | Section 2.10. Process Environment |
| | | | Section 2.11. Process Termination |
| | | | Section 2.12. Exercise: An env Utility |
| | | | Section 2.13. Exercise: Message Logging |
| | | | Section 2.14. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 3. Processes in UNIX |
| | | | Section 3.1. Process Identification |
| | | | Section 3.2. Process State |
| | | | Section 3.3. UNIX Process Creation and fork |
| | | | Section 3.4. The wait Function |
| | | | Section 3.5. The exec Function |
| | | | Section 3.6. Background Processes and Daemons |
| | | | Section 3.7. Critical Sections |
| | | | Section 3.8. Exercise: Process Chains |
| | | | Section 3.9. Exercise: Process Fans |
| | | | Section 3.10. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 4. UNIX I/O |
| | | | Section 4.1. Device Terminology |
| | | | Section 4.2. Reading and Writing |
| | | | Section 4.3. Opening and Closing Files |
| | | | Section 4.4. The select Function |
| | | | Section 4.5. The poll Function |
| | | | Section 4.6. File Representation |
| | | | Section 4.7. Filters and Redirection |
| | | | Section 4.8. File Control |
| | | | Section 4.9. Exercise: Atomic Logging |
| | | | Section 4.10. Exercise: A cat Utility |
| | | | Section 4.11. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 5. Files and Directories |
| | | | Section 5.1. UNIX File System Navigation |
| | | | Section 5.2. Directory Access |
| | | | Section 5.3. UNIX File System Implementation |
| | | | Section 5.4. Hard Links and Symbolic Links |
| | | | Section 5.5. Exercise: The which Command |
| | | | Section 5.6. Exercise: Biffing |
| | | | Section 5.7. Exercise: News biff |
| | | | Section 5.8. Exercise: Traversing Directories |
| | | | Section 5.9. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 6. UNIX Special Files |
| | | | Section 6.1. Pipes |
| | | | Section 6.2. Pipelines |
| | | | Section 6.3. FIFOs |
| | | | Section 6.4. Pipes and the Client-Server Model |
| | | | Section 6.5. Terminal Control |
| | | | Section 6.6. Audio Device |
| | | | Section 6.7. Exercise: Audio |
| | | | Section 6.8. Exercise: Barriers |
| | | | Section 6.9. Exercise: The stty Command |
| | | | Section 6.10. Exercise: Client-Server Revisited |
| | | | Section 6.11. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 7. Project: The Token Ring |
| | | | Section 7.1. Ring Topology |
| | | | Section 7.2. Ring Formation |
| | | | Section 7.3. Ring Exploration |
| | | | Section 7.4. Simple Communication |
| | | | Section 7.5. Mutual Exclusion with Tokens |
| | | | Section 7.6. Mutual Exclusion by Voting |
| | | | Section 7.7. Leader Election on an Anonymous Ring |
| | | | Section 7.8. Token Ring for Communication |
| | | | Section 7.9. Pipelined Preprocessor |
| | | | Section 7.10. Parallel Ring Algorithms |
| | | | Section 7.11. Flexible Ring |
| | | | Section 7.12. Additional Reading |
| | | Part II: Asynchronous Events |
| | | | Chapter 8. Signals |
| | | | Section 8.1. Basic Signal Concepts |
| | | | Section 8.2. Generating Signals |
| | | | Section 8.3. Manipulating Signal Masks and Signal Sets |
| | | | Section 8.4. Catching and Ignoring Signals ” sigaction |
| | | | Section 8.5. Waiting for Signals ” pause , sigsuspend and sigwait |
| | | | Section 8.6. Handling Signals: Errors and Async-signal Safety |
| | | | Section 8.7. Program Control with siglongjmp and sigsetjmp |
| | | | Section 8.8. Programming with Asynchronous I/O |
| | | | Section 8.9. Exercise: Dumping Statistics |
| | | | Section 8.10. Exercise: Spooling a Slow Device |
| | | | Section 8.11. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 9. Times and Timers |
| | | | Section 9.1. POSIX Times |
| | | | Section 9.2. Sleep Functions |
| | | | Section 9.3. POSIX:XSI Interval Timers |
| | | | Section 9.4. Realtime Signals |
| | | | Section 9.5. POSIX:TMR Interval Timers |
| | | | Section 9.6. Timer Drift, Overruns and Absolute Time |
| | | | Section 9.7. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 10. Project: Virtual Timers |
| | | | Section 10.1. Project Overview |
| | | | Section 10.2. Simple Timers |
| | | | Section 10.3. Setting One of Five Single Timers |
| | | | Section 10.4. Using Multiple Timers |
| | | | Section 10.5. A Robust Implementation of Multiple Timers |
| | | | Section 10.6. POSIX:TMR Timer Implementation |
| | | | Section 10.7. mycron , a Small Cron Facility |
| | | | Section 10.8. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 11. Project: Cracking Shells |
| | | | Section 11.1. Building a Simple Shell |
| | | | Section 11.2. Redirection |
| | | | Section 11.3. Pipelines |
| | | | Section 11.4. Signal Handling in the Foreground |
| | | | Section 11.5. Process Groups, Sessions and Controlling Terminals |
| | | | Section 11.6. Background Processes in ush |
| | | | Section 11.7. Job Control |
| | | | Section 11.8. Job Control for ush |
| | | | Section 11.9. Additional Reading |
| | | Part III: Concurrency |
| | | | Chapter 12. POSIX Threads |
| | | | Section 12.1. A Motivating Problem: Monitoring File Descriptors |
| | | | Section 12.2. Use of Threads to Monitor Multiple File Descriptors |
| | | | Section 12.3. Thread Management |
| | | | Section 12.4. Thread Safety |
| | | | Section 12.5. User Threads versus Kernel Threads |
| | | | Section 12.6. Thread Attributes |
| | | | Section 12.7. Exercise: Parallel File Copy |
| | | | Section 12.8. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 13. Thread Synchronization |
| | | | Section 13.1. POSIX Synchronization Functions |
| | | | Section 13.2. Mutex Locks |
| | | | Section 13.3. At-Most-Once and At-Least-Once-Execution |
| | | | Section 13.4. Condition Variables |
| | | | Section 13.5. Signal Handling and Threads |
| | | | Section 13.6. Readers and Writers |
| | | | Section 13.7. A strerror_r Implementation |
| | | | Section 13.8. Deadlocks and Other Pesky Problems |
| | | | Section 13.9. Exercise: Multiple Barriers |
| | | | Section 13.10. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 14. Critical Sections and Semaphores |
| | | | Section 14.1. Dealing with Critical Sections |
| | | | Section 14.2. Semaphores |
| | | | Section 14.3. POSIX:SEM Unnamed Semaphores |
| | | | Section 14.4. POSIX:SEM Semaphore Operations |
| | | | Section 14.5. POSIX:SEM Named Semaphores |
| | | | Section 14.6. Exercise: License Manager |
| | | | Section 14.7. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 15. POSIX IPC |
| | | | Section 15.1. POSIX:XSI Interprocess Communication |
| | | | Section 15.2. POSIX:XSI Semaphore Sets |
| | | | Section 15.3. POSIX:XSI Shared Memory |
| | | | Section 15.4. POSIX:XSI Message Queues |
| | | | Section 15.5. Exercise: POSIX Unnamed Semaphores |
| | | | Section 15.6. Exercise: POSIX Named Semaphores |
| | | | Section 15.7. Exercise: Implementing Pipes with Shared Memory |
| | | | Section 15.8. Exercise: Implementing Pipes with Message Queues |
| | | | Section 15.9. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 16. Project: Producer Consumer Synchronization |
| | | | Section 16.1. The Producer-Consumer Problem |
| | | | Section 16.2. Bounded Buffer Protected by Mutex Locks |
| | | | Section 16.3. Buffer Implementation with Semaphores |
| | | | Section 16.4. Introduction to a Simple Producer-Consumer Problem |
| | | | Section 16.5. Bounded Buffer Implementation Using Condition Variables |
| | | | Section 16.6. Buffers with Done Conditions |
| | | | Section 16.7. Parallel File Copy |
| | | | Section 16.8. Threaded Print Server |
| | | | Section 16.9. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 17. Project: The Not Too Parallel Virtual Machine |
| | | | Section 17.1. PVM History, Terminology, and Architecture |
| | | | Section 17.2. The Not Too Parallel Virtual Machine |
| | | | Section 17.3. NTPVM Project Overview |
| | | | Section 17.4. I/O and Testing of Dispatcher |
| | | | Section 17.5. Single Task with No Input |
| | | | Section 17.6. Sequential Tasks |
| | | | Section 17.7. Concurrent Tasks |
| | | | Section 17.8. Packet Communication, Broadcast and Barriers |
| | | | Section 17.9. Termination and Signals |
| | | | Section 17.10. Ordered Message Delivery |
| | | | Section 17.11. Additional Reading |
| | | Part IV: Communication |
| | | | Chapter 18. Connection-Oriented Communication |
| | | | Section 18.1. The Client-Server Model |
| | | | Section 18.2. Communication Channels |
| | | | Section 18.3. Connection-Oriented Server Strategies |
| | | | Section 18.4. Universal Internet Communication Interface (UICI) |
| | | | Section 18.5. UICI Implementations of Different Server Strategies |
| | | | Section 18.6. UICI Clients |
| | | | Section 18.7. Socket Implementation of UICI |
| | | | Section 18.8. Host Names and IP Addresses |
| | | | Section 18.9. Thread-Safe UICI |
| | | | Section 18.10. Exercise: Ping Server |
| | | | Section 18.11. Exercise: Transmission of Audio |
| | | | Section 18.12. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 19. Project: WWW Redirection |
| | | | Section 19.1. The World Wide Web |
| | | | Section 19.2. Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) |
| | | | Section 19.3. HTTP Primer |
| | | | Section 19.4. Web Communication Patterns |
| | | | Section 19.5. Pass-through Monitoring of Single Connections |
| | | | Section 19.6. Tunnel Server Implementation |
| | | | Section 19.7. Server Driver for Testing |
| | | | Section 19.8. HTTP Header Parsing |
| | | | Section 19.9. Simple Proxy Server |
| | | | Section 19.10. Proxy Monitor |
| | | | Section 19.11. Proxy Cache |
| | | | Section 19.12. Gateways as Portals |
| | | | Section 19.13. Gateway for Load Balancing |
| | | | Section 19.14. Postmortem |
| | | | Section 19.15. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 20. Connectionless Communication and Multicast |
| | | | Section 20.1. Introduction to Connectionless Communication |
| | | | Section 20.2. Simplified Interface for Connectionless Communication |
| | | | Section 20.3. Simple-Request Protocols |
| | | | Section 20.4. Request-Reply Protocols |
| | | | Section 20.5. Request-Reply with Timeouts and Retries |
| | | | Section 20.6. Request-Reply-Acknowledge Protocols |
| | | | Section 20.7. Implementation of UICI UDP |
| | | | Section 20.8. Comparison of UDP and TCP |
| | | | Section 20.9. Multicast |
| | | | Section 20.10. Exercise: UDP Port Server |
| | | | Section 20.11. Exercise: Stateless File Server |
| | | | Section 20.12. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 21. Project: Internet Radio |
| | | | Section 21.1. Project Overview |
| | | | Section 21.2. Audio Device Simulation |
| | | | Section 21.3. UDP Implementation with One Program and One Receiver |
| | | | Section 21.4. UDP Implementation with Multiple Programs and Receivers |
| | | | Section 21.5. UDP Implementation of Radio Broadcasts |
| | | | Section 21.6. Multicast Implementation of Radio Broadcasts |
| | | | Section 21.7. TCP Implementation Differences |
| | | | Section 21.8. Receiving Streaming Audio Through a Browser |
| | | | Section 21.9. Additional Reading |
| | | | Chapter 22. Project: Server Performance |
| | | | Section 22.1. Server Performance Costs |
| | | | Section 22.2. Server Architectures |
| | | | Section 22.3. Project Overview |
| | | | Section 22.4. Single-Client Driver |
| | | | Section 22.5. Multiple-Client Driver |
| | | | Section 22.6. Thread-per-request and Process-per-request Implementations |
| | | | Section 22.7. Thread-worker-pool Strategy |
| | | | Section 22.8. Thread-worker Pool with Bounded Buffer |
| | | | Section 22.9. Process-worker Pool |
| | | | Section 22.10. Influence of Disk I/O |
| | | | Section 22.11. Performance Studies |
| | | | Section 22.12. Report Writing |
| | | | Section 22.13. Additional Reading |
| | | Appendices |
| | | | Appendix A. UNIX Fundamentals |
| | | | Section A.1. Manual Pages |
| | | | Section A.2. Compilation |
| | | | Section A.3. Makefiles |
| | | | Section A.4. Debugging Aids |
| | | | Section A.5. Identifiers, Storage Classes and Linkage Classes |
| | | | Section A.6. Additional Reading |
| | | | Appendix B. Restart Library |
| | | | Appendix C. UICI Implementation |
| | | | Section C.1. Connection-Oriented UICI TCP Implementation |
| | | | Section C.2. Name Resolution Implementations |
| | | | Section C.3. Connectionless UICI UDP Implementation |
| | | | Appendix D. Logging Functions |
| | | | Section D.1. Local Atomic Logging |
| | | | Section D.2. Remote Logging |
| | | | Appendix E. POSIX Extensions |
| | | Bibliography |
