grep


grep - graphics/grepa_icon.gif Command to match a specified pattern.

 grep(1)                                                             grep(1) NAME      grep, egrep, fgrep - search a file for a pattern SYNOPSIS    Plain call with pattern      grep [-E-F] [-c-l-q] [-insvx] pattern [file ...]    Call with (multiple) -e pattern      grep [-E-F] [-c-l-q] [-binsvx] -e pattern...  [-e pattern] ...           [file ...]    Call with -f file      grep [-E-F] [-c-l-q] [-insvx] [-f pattern_file] [file ...]    Obsolescent:      egrep [-cefilnsv] [expression] [file ...]      fgrep [-cefilnsvx] [strings] [file ...] DESCRIPTION      The grep command searches the input text files (standard input      default) for lines matching a pattern.  Normally, each line found is      copied to the standard output.  grep supports the Basic Regular      Expression syntax (see regexp(5)).  The -E option (egrep) supports      Extended Regular Expression (ERE) syntax (see regexp(5)).  The -F      option (fgrep) searches for fixed strings using the fast Boyer-Moore      string searching algorithm.  The -E and -F options treat newlines      embedded in the pattern as alternation characters.  A null expression      or string matches every line.      The forms egrep and fgrep are maintained for backward compatibility.      The use of the -E and -F options is recommended for portability.    Options           -E                  Extended regular expressions.  Each pattern                               specified is a sequence of one or more EREs.                               The EREs can be separated by newline                               characters or given in separate -e expression                               options.  A pattern matches an input line if                               any ERE in the sequence matches the contents                               of the input line without its trailing                               newline character.  The same functionality is                               obtained by using egrep.           -F                  Fixed strings.  Each pattern specified is a                               sequence of one or more strings.  Strings can                               be separated by newline characters or given                               in separate -e expression options.  A pattern                               matches an input line if the line contains                               any of the strings in the sequence.  The same                               functionality is obtained by using fgrep.           -b                  Each line is preceded by the block number on                               which it was found.  This is useful in                               locating disk block numbers by context.                               Block numbers are calculated by dividing by                               512 the number of bytes that have been read                               from the file and rounding down the result.           -c                  Only a count of matching lines is printed.           -e expression       Same as a simple expression argument, but                               useful when the expression begins with a                               hyphen (-).  Multiple -e options can be used                               to specify multiple patterns; an input line                               is selected if it matches any of the                               specified patterns.           -f pattern_file     The regular expression (grep and grep -E) or                               strings list (grep -F) is taken from the                               pattern_file.           -i                  Ignore uppercase/lowercase distinctions                               during comparisons.           -l                  Only the names of files with matching lines                               are listed (once), separated by newlines.  If                               standard input is searched, a path name of -                               is listed.           -n                  Each line is preceded by its relative line                               number in the file starting at 1.  The line                               number is reset for each file searched.  This                               option is ignored if -c, -b, -l, or -q is                               specified.           -q                  (Quiet) Do not write anything to the standard                               output, regardless of matching lines.  Exit                               with zero status upon finding the first                               matching line.  Overrides any options that                               would produce output.           -s                  Error messages produced for nonexistent or                               unreadable files are suppressed.           -v                  All lines but those matching are printed.           -x                  (eXact) Matches are recognized only when the                               entire input line matches the fixed string or                               regular expression.      In all cases in which output is generated, the file name is output if      there is more than one input file.  Care should be taken when using      the characters $, *, [, ^, , (, ), and \ in expression, because they      are also meaningful to the shell.  It is safest to enclose the entire      expression argument in single quotes ('...'). EXTERNAL INFLUENCES    Environment Variables      LANG determines the locale to use for the locale categories when both      LC_ALL and the corresponding environment variable (beginning with LC_)      do not specify a locale.  If LANG is not specified or is set to the      empty string, a default of C (see lang(5)) is used.      LC_ALL determines the locale to use to override any values for locale      categories specified by the settings of LANG or any environment      variables beginning with LC_.      LC_COLLATE determines the collating sequence used in evaluating      regular expressions.      LC_CTYPE determines the interpretation of text as single byte and/or      multi-byte characters, the classification of characters as letters,      the case information for the -i option, and the characters matched by      character class expressions in regular expressions.      LC_MESSAGES determines the language in which messages are displayed.      If any internationalization variable contains an invalid setting, the      commands behave as if all internationalization variables are set to C.      See environ(5).    International Code Set Support      Single-byte and multi-byte character code sets are supported. RETURN VALUE      Upon completion, grep returns one of the following values:           0    One or more matches found.           1    No match found.           2    Syntax error or inaccessible file (even if matches were                found). EXAMPLES      In the Bourne shell (sh(1)) the following example searches two files,      finding all lines containing occurrences of any of four strings:           grep -F 'if           then           else           fi' file1 file2      Note that the single quotes are necessary to tell grep -F when the      strings have ended and the file names have begun.      For the C shell (see csh(1)) the following command can be used:           grep -F 'if\ then\ else\ fi' file1 file2      To search a file named address containing the following entries:           Ken   112 Warring St.  Apt. A           Judy  387 Bowditch  Apt. 12           Ann   429 Sixth St.      the command:           grep Judy address      prints:           Judy  387 Bowditch  Apt. 12      To search a file for lines that contain either a Dec or Nov, use      either of the following commands:           grep -E '[Dd]ec[Nn]ov' file           egrep -i 'decnov' file      Search all files in the current directory for the string xyz:           grep xyz *      Search all files in the current directory subtree for the string xyz,      and ensure that no error occurs due to file name expansion exceeding      system argument list limits:           find . -type f -print xargs grep xyz      The previous example does not print the name of files where string xyz      appears.  To force grep to print file names, add a second argument to      the grep command portion of the command line:           find . -type f -print xargs grep xyz /dev/null      In this form, the first file name is that produced by find, and the      second file name is the null file. WARNINGS      (XPG4 only.) If the -q option is specified, the exit status will be      zero if an input line is selected, even if an error was detected.      Otherwise, default actions will be performed. SEE ALSO      sed(1), sh(1), regcomp(3C), environ(5), lang(5), regexp(5). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE      grep: SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, POSIX.2      egrep: SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, POSIX.2      fgrep: SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, POSIX.2 


HP-UX 11i Systems Administration Handbook and Toolkit
HP-UX 11i Systems Administration Handbook and Toolkit (2nd Edition)
ISBN: 0131018833
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2003
Pages: 301

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