Palettes and Real-World Images
Of course, despite the fun we've been having displaying continuous shades of color and doing palette animation, the real purpose of the Palette Manager is to allow the display of real-world images under 8-bit video modes. For the remainder of the chapter, we'll be exploring precisely that. As you might have already anticipated, you must use palettes differently when using packed DIBs, GDI bitmap objects, and DIB sections. The next six programs illustrate various techniques for using palettes with bitmaps.
Palettes and Packed DIBs
Assisting us in the next three programs will be a set of functions that work with packed-DIB memory blocks. These functions are in the PACKEDIB files shown in Figure 16-13.
Figure 16-13. The PACKEDIB files.
PACKEDIB.H/*------------------------------------------ PACKEDIB.H -- Header file for PACKEDIB.C (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 ------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> BITMAPINFO * PackedDibLoad (PTSTR szFileName) ; int PackedDibGetWidth (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; int PackedDibGetHeight (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; int PackedDibGetBitCount (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; int PackedDibGetRowLength (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; int PackedDibGetInfoHeaderSize (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; int PackedDibGetColorsUsed (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; int PackedDibGetNumColors (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; int PackedDibGetColorTableSize (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; RGBQUAD * PackedDibGetColorTablePtr (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; RGBQUAD * PackedDibGetColorTableEntry (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib, int i) ; BYTE * PackedDibGetBitsPtr (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; int PackedDibGetBitsSize (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; HPALETTE PackedDibCreatePalette (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) ; |
PACKEDIB.C /*---------------------------------------------- PACKEDIB.C -- Routines for using packed DIBs (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 ----------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> /*--------------------------------------------------------- PackedDibLoad: Load DIB File as Packed-Dib Memory Block ---------------------------------------------------------*/ BITMAPINFO * PackedDibLoad (PTSTR szFileName) { BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfh ; BITMAPINFO * pbmi ; BOOL bSuccess ; DWORD dwPackedDibSize, dwBytesRead ; HANDLE hFile ; // Open the file: read access, prohibit write access hFile = CreateFile (szFileName, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN, NULL) ; if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return NULL ; // Read in the BITMAPFILEHEADER bSuccess = ReadFile (hFile, &bmfh, sizeof (BITMAPFILEHEADER), &dwBytesRead, NULL) ; if (!bSuccess || (dwBytesRead != sizeof (BITMAPFILEHEADER)) || (bmfh.bfType != * (WORD *) "BM")) { CloseHandle (hFile) ; return NULL ; } // Allocate memory for the packed DIB & read it in dwPackedDibSize = bmfh.bfSize - sizeof (BITMAPFILEHEADER) ; pbmi = malloc (dwPackedDibSize) ; bSuccess = ReadFile (hFile, pbmi, dwPackedDibSize, &dwBytesRead, NULL) ; CloseHandle (hFile) ; if (!bSuccess || (dwBytesRead != dwPackedDibSize)) { free (pbmi) ; return NULL ; } return pbmi ; } /*---------------------------------------------- Functions to get information from packed DIB ----------------------------------------------*/ int PackedDibGetWidth (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { if (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize == sizeof (BITMAPCOREHEADER)) return ((PBITMAPCOREINFO)pPackedDib)->bmciHeader.bcWidth ; else return pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biWidth ; } int PackedDibGetHeight (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { if (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize == sizeof (BITMAPCOREHEADER)) return ((PBITMAPCOREINFO)pPackedDib)->bmciHeader.bcHeight ; else return abs (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biHeight) ; } int PackedDibGetBitCount (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { if (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize == sizeof (BITMAPCOREHEADER)) return ((PBITMAPCOREINFO)pPackedDib)->bmciHeader.bcBitCount ; else return pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biBitCount ; } int PackedDibGetRowLength (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { return ((PackedDibGetWidth (pPackedDib) * PackedDibGetBitCount (pPackedDib) + 31) & ~31) >> 3 ; } /*----------------------------------------------------------- PackedDibGetInfoHeaderSize includes possible color masks! -----------------------------------------------------------*/ int PackedDibGetInfoHeaderSize (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { if (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize == sizeof (BITMAPCOREHEADER)) return ((PBITMAPCOREINFO)pPackedDib)->bmciHeader.bcSize ; else if (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize == sizeof (BITMAPINFOHEADER)) return pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize + (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biCompression == BI_BITFIELDS ? 12 : 0) ; else return pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize ; } /*------------------------------------------------------------- PackedDibGetColorsUsed returns value in information header; could be 0 to indicate non-truncated color table! -------------------------------------------------------------*/ int PackedDibGetColorsUsed (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { if (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize == sizeof (BITMAPCOREHEADER)) return 0 ; else return pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biClrUsed ; } /*------------------------------------------------------------------ PackedDibGetNumColors is actual number of entries in color table ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ int PackedDibGetNumColors (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { int iNumColors ; iNumColors = PackedDibGetColorsUsed (pPackedDib) ; if (iNumColors == 0 && PackedDibGetBitCount (pPackedDib) < 16) iNumColors = 1 << PackedDibGetBitCount (pPackedDib) ; return iNumColors ; } int PackedDibGetColorTableSize (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { if (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize == sizeof (BITMAPCOREHEADER)) return PackedDibGetNumColors (pPackedDib) * sizeof (RGBTRIPLE) ; else return PackedDibGetNumColors (pPackedDib) * sizeof (RGBQUAD) ; } RGBQUAD * PackedDibGetColorTablePtr (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { if (PackedDibGetNumColors (pPackedDib) == 0) return 0 ; return (RGBQUAD *) (((BYTE *) pPackedDib) + PackedDibGetInfoHeaderSize (pPackedDib)) ; } RGBQUAD * PackedDibGetColorTableEntry (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib, int i) { if (PackedDibGetNumColors (pPackedDib) == 0) return 0 ; if (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize == sizeof (BITMAPCOREHEADER)) return (RGBQUAD *) (((RGBTRIPLE *) PackedDibGetColorTablePtr (pPackedDib)) + i) ; else return PackedDibGetColorTablePtr (pPackedDib) + i ; } /*------------------------------ PackedDibGetBitsPtr finally! ------------------------------*/ BYTE * PackedDibGetBitsPtr (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { return ((BYTE *) pPackedDib) + PackedDibGetInfoHeaderSize (pPackedDib) + PackedDibGetColorTableSize (pPackedDib) ; } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------- PackedDibGetBitsSize can be calculated from the height and row length if it's not explicitly in the biSizeImage field -----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ int PackedDibGetBitsSize (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { if ((pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSize != sizeof (BITMAPCOREHEADER)) && (pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSizeImage != 0)) return pPackedDib->bmiHeader.biSizeImage ; return PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib) * PackedDibGetRowLength (pPackedDib) ; } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- PackedDibCreatePalette creates logical palette from PackedDib ----------------------------------------------------------------*/ HPALETTE PackedDibCreatePalette (BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib) { HPALETTE hPalette ; int i, iNumColors ; LOGPALETTE * plp ; RGBQUAD * prgb ; if (0 == (iNumColors = PackedDibGetNumColors (pPackedDib))) return NULL ; plp = malloc (sizeof (LOGPALETTE) * (iNumColors - 1) * sizeof (PALETTEENTRY)) ; plp->palVersion = 0x0300 ; plp->palNumEntries = iNumColors ; for (i = 0 ; i < iNumColors ; i++) { prgb = PackedDibGetColorTableEntry (pPackedDib, i) ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peRed = prgb->rgbRed ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peGreen = prgb->rgbGreen ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peBlue = prgb->rgbBlue ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peFlags = 0 ; } hPalette = CreatePalette (plp) ; free (plp) ; return hPalette ; } |
The first function is PackedDibLoad, which takes as its single argument a file name and returns a pointer to a packed DIB in memory. All the other functions take this packed-DIB pointer as their first argument and return information about the DIB. These functions are arranged in the file in a "bottom-up" order. Each function uses information obtained from earlier functions.
I don't pretend that this is a "complete" set of functions that might be useful for working with packed DIBs. I have not attempted to assemble a really extensive collection because I don't think that working with packed DIBs in this way is a good approach. This will be quite obvious to you when you try to write a function such as
dwPixel = PackedDibGetPixel (pPackedDib, x, y) ;
This kind of function involves so many nested function calls that it becomes horribly inefficient and slow. I'll describe what I believe to be a better approach later in this chapter.
Also, as you'll note, many of these functions require different processing for OS/2-compatible DIBs; thus, the functions frequently check if the first field of the BITMAPINFO structure is the size of the BITMAPCOREHEADER structure.
Of particular interest here is the final function, named PackedDibCreatePalette. This function uses the color table in the DIB to create a palette. If the DIB does not have a color table (which means that the DIB has 16, 24, or 32 bits per pixel), then no palette is created. A palette created from the DIB color table is sometimes called the DIB's native palette.
The PACKEDIB files are put to use in SHOWDIB3, shown in Figure 16-14.
Figure 16-14. The SHOWDIB3 program.
SHOWDIB3.C /*------------------------------------------------ SHOWDIB3.C -- Displays DIB with native palette (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 ------------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> #include "PackeDib.h" #include "resource.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("ShowDib3") ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Show DIB #3: Native Palette"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib ; static HPALETTE hPalette ; static int cxClient, cyClient ; static OPENFILENAME ofn ; static TCHAR szFileName [MAX_PATH], szTitleName [MAX_PATH] ; static TCHAR szFilter[] = TEXT ("Bitmap Files (*.BMP)\0*.bmp\0") TEXT ("All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0\0") ; HDC hdc ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: ofn.lStructSize = sizeof (OPENFILENAME) ; ofn.hwndOwner = hwnd ; ofn.hInstance = NULL ; ofn.lpstrFilter = szFilter ; ofn.lpstrCustomFilter = NULL ; ofn.nMaxCustFilter = 0 ; ofn.nFilterIndex = 0 ; ofn.lpstrFile = szFileName ; ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrFileTitle = szTitleName ; ofn.nMaxFileTitle = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrInitialDir = NULL ; ofn.lpstrTitle = NULL ; ofn.Flags = 0 ; ofn.nFileOffset = 0 ; ofn.nFileExtension = 0 ; ofn.lpstrDefExt = TEXT ("bmp") ; ofn.lCustData = 0 ; ofn.lpfnHook = NULL ; ofn.lpTemplateName = NULL ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDM_FILE_OPEN: // Show the File Open dialog box if (!GetOpenFileName (&ofn)) return 0 ; // If there's an existing packed DIB, free the memory if (pPackedDib) { free (pPackedDib) ; pPackedDib = NULL ; } // If there's an existing logical palette, delete it if (hPalette) { DeleteObject (hPalette) ; hPalette = NULL ; } // Load the packed DIB into memory SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_WAIT)) ; ShowCursor (TRUE) ; pPackedDib = PackedDibLoad (szFileName) ; ShowCursor (FALSE) ; SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW)) ; if (pPackedDib) { // Create the palette from the DIB color table hPalette = PackedDibCreatePalette (pPackedDib) ; } else { MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Cannot load DIB file"), szAppName, 0) ; } InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; } break ; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; if (hPalette) { SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; } if (pPackedDib) SetDIBitsToDevice (hdc, 0, 0, PackedDibGetWidth (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib), 0, 0, 0, PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetBitsPtr (pPackedDib), pPackedDib, DIB_RGB_COLORS) ; EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE: if (!hPalette) return FALSE ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; return TRUE ; case WM_PALETTECHANGED: if (!hPalette || (HWND) wParam == hwnd) break ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; UpdateColors (hdc) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; break ; case WM_DESTROY: if (pPackedDib) free (pPackedDib) ; if (hPalette) DeleteObject (hPalette) ; PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } |
SHOWDIB3.RC (excerpts)//Microsoft Developer Studio generated resource script. #include "resource.h" #include "afxres.h" ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Menu SHOWDIB3 MENU DISCARDABLE BEGIN POPUP "&File" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Open", IDM_FILE_OPEN END END |
RESOURCE.H (excerpts)// Microsoft Developer Studio generated include file. // Used by ShowDib3.rc #define IDM_FILE_OPEN 40001 |
The window procedure in SHOWDIB3 maintains the packed-DIB pointer as a static variable that it obtains when it calls the PackedDibLoad function in PACKEDIB.C during the File Open command. During processing of this command, SHOWDIB3 also calls PackedDibCreatePalette to obtain a possible palette for the DIB. Notice that whenever SHOWDIB3 is ready to load in a new DIB, it first frees the memory of the previous DIB and also deletes the palette of the previous DIB. The last DIB is eventually freed and the last palette is eventually deleted during processing the WM_DESTROY message.
Processing of the WM_PAINT message is straightforward: If the palette exists, SHOWDIB3 selects it into the device context and realizes it. It then calls SetDIBitsToDevice, passing to the function information about the DIB (such as width, height, a pointer to the DIB pixel bits) that it obtains from functions in PACKEDIB.
Again, keep in mind that SHOWDIB3 creates a palette based on the color table in the DIB. If there is no color table in the DIB—as is almost always the case with 16-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit DIBs—then no palette is created. When the DIB is displayed in an 8-bit video mode, it's displayed with only the standard reserved 20 colors.
There are two solutions to this problem. The first is to simply use an "all-purpose" palette that can be applicable for a large number of images. You can construct such a palette yourself. The second solution is to dig into the pixel bits of the DIB and determine the optimum colors required to display the image. Obviously this involves more work (both for the programmer and the processor), but I'll show you how to do it before this chapter has concluded.
The All-Purpose Palette
The SHOWDIB4 program, shown in Figure 16-15, constructs an all-purpose palette that it uses for displaying all DIBs loaded into the program. SHOWDIB4 is otherwise very similar to SHOWDIB3.
Figure 16-15. The SHOWDIB4 program.
SHOWDIB4.C /*------------------------------------------------------- SHOWDIB4.C -- Displays DIB with "all-purpose" palette (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 -------------------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> #include "..\\ShowDib3\\PackeDib.h" #include "resource.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("ShowDib4") ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Show DIB #4: All-Purpose Palette"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } /*------------------------------------------------------------------------ CreateAllPurposePalette: Creates a palette suitable for a wide variety of images; the palette has 247 entries, but 15 of them are duplicates or match the standard 20 colors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ HPALETTE CreateAllPurposePalette (void) { HPALETTE hPalette ; int i, incr, R, G, B ; LOGPALETTE * plp ; plp = malloc (sizeof (LOGPALETTE) + 246 * sizeof (PALETTEENTRY)) ; plp->palVersion = 0x0300 ; plp->palNumEntries = 247 ; // The following loop calculates 31 gray shades, but 3 of them // will match the standard 20 colors for (i = 0, G = 0, incr = 8 ; G <= 0xFF ; i++, G += incr) { plp->palPalEntry[i].peRed = (BYTE) G ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peGreen = (BYTE) G ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peBlue = (BYTE) G ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peFlags = 0 ; incr = (incr == 9 ? 8 : 9) ; } // The following loop is responsible for 216 entries, but 8 of // them will match the standard 20 colors, and another // 4 of them will match the gray shades above. for (R = 0 ; R <= 0xFF ; R += 0x33) for (G = 0 ; G <= 0xFF ; G += 0x33) for (B = 0 ; B <= 0xFF ; B += 0x33) { plp->palPalEntry[i].peRed = (BYTE) R ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peGreen = (BYTE) G ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peBlue = (BYTE) B ; plp->palPalEntry[i].peFlags = 0 ; i++ ; } hPalette = CreatePalette (plp) ; free (plp) ; return hPalette ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib ; static HPALETTE hPalette ; static int cxClient, cyClient ; static OPENFILENAME ofn ; static TCHAR szFileName [MAX_PATH], szTitleName [MAX_PATH] ; static TCHAR szFilter[] = TEXT ("Bitmap Files (*.BMP)\0*.bmp\0") TEXT ("All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0\0") ; HDC hdc ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: ofn.lStructSize = sizeof (OPENFILENAME) ; ofn.hwndOwner = hwnd ; ofn.hInstance = NULL ; ofn.lpstrFilter = szFilter ; ofn.lpstrCustomFilter = NULL ; ofn.nMaxCustFilter = 0 ; ofn.nFilterIndex = 0 ; ofn.lpstrFile = szFileName ; ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrFileTitle = szTitleName ; ofn.nMaxFileTitle = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrInitialDir = NULL ; ofn.lpstrTitle = NULL ; ofn.Flags = 0 ; ofn.nFileOffset = 0 ; ofn.nFileExtension = 0 ; ofn.lpstrDefExt = TEXT ("bmp") ; ofn.lCustData = 0 ; ofn.lpfnHook = NULL ; ofn.lpTemplateName = NULL ; // Create the All-Purpose Palette hPalette = CreateAllPurposePalette () ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDM_FILE_OPEN: // Show the File Open dialog box if (!GetOpenFileName (&ofn)) return 0 ; // If there's an existing packed DIB, free the memory if (pPackedDib) { free (pPackedDib) ; pPackedDib = NULL ; } // Load the packed DIB into memory SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_WAIT)) ; ShowCursor (TRUE) ; pPackedDib = PackedDibLoad (szFileName) ; ShowCursor (FALSE) ; SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW)) ; if (!pPackedDib) { MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Cannot load DIB file"), szAppName, 0) ; } InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; } break ; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; if (pPackedDib) { SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; SetDIBitsToDevice (hdc, 0, 0, PackedDibGetWidth (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib), 0, 0, 0, PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetBitsPtr (pPackedDib), pPackedDib, DIB_RGB_COLORS) ; } EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE: hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; return TRUE ; case WM_PALETTECHANGED: if ((HWND) wParam != hwnd) hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; UpdateColors (hdc) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; break ; case WM_DESTROY: if (pPackedDib) free (pPackedDib) ; DeleteObject (hPalette) ; PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } |
SHOWDIB4.RC (excerpts)//Microsoft Developer Studio generated resource script. #include "resource.h" #include "afxres.h" ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Menu SHOWDIB4 MENU DISCARDABLE BEGIN POPUP "&Open" BEGIN MENUITEM "&File", IDM_FILE_OPEN END END |
RESOURCE.H (excerpts)// Microsoft Developer Studio generated include file. // Used by ShowDib4.rc #define IDM_FILE_OPEN 40001 |
While processing the WM_CREATE message, SHOWDIB4 calls CreateAllPurposePalette. It retains this palette throughout the course of the program and destroys it during the WM_DESTROY message. Because the program knows that the palette is always around, it needn't check for its existence while processing the WM_PAINT, WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE, or WM_PALETTECHANGED messages.
The CreateAllPurposePalette function seems to create a logical palette with 247 entries, which is more than the 236 entries in the system palette that programs normally have access to. Indeed, it does, but this is just a matter of convenience. Fifteen of these entries are either duplicated or will map to colors in the standard 20 reserved colors.
CreateAllPurposePalette begins by creating 31 gray shades, with red, green, and blue values of 0x00, 0x09, 0x11, 0x1A, 0x22, 0x2B, 0x33, 0x3C, 0x44, 0x4D, 0x55, 0x5E, 0x66, 0x6F, 0x77, 0x80, 0x88, 0x91, 0x99, 0xA2, 0xAA, 0xB3, 0xBB, 0xC4, 0xCC, 0xD5, 0xDD, 0xE6, 0xEE, 0xF9, and 0xFF. Notice that the first, last, and middle entries are in the standard 20 reserved colors. Next the function creates colors with all combinations of red, green, and blue values of 0x00, 0x33, 0x66, 0x99, 0xCC, and 0xFF. That's a total of 216 colors, but eight of them duplicate colors in the standard 20, and another four duplicate previously calculated gray shades. Windows will not put duplicate entries in the system palette if you set the peFlags field of the PALETTEENTRY structure to 0.
Obviously, a real program that didn't wish to calculate optimum palettes for 16-bit, 24-bit, or 32-bit DIBs would probably still continue to use the DIB color table for displaying 8-bit DIBs. SHOWDIB4 does not do this but instead uses its all-purpose palette for everything. This is because SHOWDIB4 is a demonstration program, and you can use it to compare SHOWDIB3's display of 8-bit DIBs. If you look at some color DIBs of people, you'll probably conclude that SHOWDIB4 does not have sufficient colors for the accurate rendering of flesh tones.
If you experiment with the CreateAllPurposePalette function in SHOWDIB4, perhaps by reducing the size of the logical palette to just a few entries, you'll discover that when a palette is selected into a device context, Windows will use only the colors in the palette and none of the colors from the standard 20-color palette.
The Halftone Palette
The Windows API includes an all-purpose palette that programs can obtain by calling CreateHalftonePalette. You can use this in the same way you used the palette obtained from CreateAllPurposePalette in SHOWDIB4, or you can use it in conjunction with the bitmap stretching mode—set with SetStretchBltMode—known as HALFTONE. The SHOWDIB5 program in Figure 16-16 demonstrates how to use the halftone palette.
Figure 16-16. The SHOWDIB5 program.
SHOWDIB5.C /*-------------------------------------------------- SHOWDIB5.C -- Displays DIB with halftone palette (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 --------------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> #include "..\\ShowDib3\\PackeDib.h" #include "resource.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("ShowDib5") ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Show DIB #5: Halftone Palette"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib ; static HPALETTE hPalette ; static int cxClient, cyClient ; static OPENFILENAME ofn ; static TCHAR szFileName [MAX_PATH], szTitleName [MAX_PATH] ; static TCHAR szFilter[] = TEXT ("Bitmap Files (*.BMP)\0*.bmp\0") TEXT ("All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0\0") ; HDC hdc ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: ofn.lStructSize = sizeof (OPENFILENAME) ; ofn.hwndOwner = hwnd ; ofn.hInstance = NULL ; ofn.lpstrFilter = szFilter ; ofn.lpstrCustomFilter = NULL ; ofn.nMaxCustFilter = 0 ; ofn.nFilterIndex = 0 ; ofn.lpstrFile = szFileName ; ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrFileTitle = szTitleName ; ofn.nMaxFileTitle = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrInitialDir = NULL ; ofn.lpstrTitle = NULL ; ofn.Flags = 0 ; ofn.nFileOffset = 0 ; ofn.nFileExtension = 0 ; ofn.lpstrDefExt = TEXT ("bmp") ; ofn.lCustData = 0 ; ofn.lpfnHook = NULL ; ofn.lpTemplateName = NULL ; // Create the All-Purpose Palette hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; hPalette = CreateHalftonePalette (hdc) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDM_FILE_OPEN: // Show the File Open dialog box if (!GetOpenFileName (&ofn)) return 0 ; // If there's an existing packed DIB, free the memory if (pPackedDib) { free (pPackedDib) ; pPackedDib = NULL ; } // Load the packed DIB into memory SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_WAIT)) ; ShowCursor (TRUE) ; pPackedDib = PackedDibLoad (szFileName) ; ShowCursor (FALSE) ; SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW)) ; if (!pPackedDib) { MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Cannot load DIB file"), szAppName, 0) ; } InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; } break ; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; if (pPackedDib) { // Set halftone stretch mode SetStretchBltMode (hdc, HALFTONE) ; SetBrushOrgEx (hdc, 0, 0, NULL) ; // Select and realize halftone palette SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; // StretchDIBits rather than SetDIBitsToDevice StretchDIBits (hdc, 0, 0, PackedDibGetWidth (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib), 0, 0, PackedDibGetWidth (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetBitsPtr (pPackedDib), pPackedDib, DIB_RGB_COLORS, SRCCOPY) ; } EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE: hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; return TRUE ; case WM_PALETTECHANGED: if ((HWND) wParam != hwnd) hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; UpdateColors (hdc) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; break ; case WM_DESTROY: if (pPackedDib) free (pPackedDib) ; DeleteObject (hPalette) ; PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } |
SHOWDIB5.RC (excerpts)//Microsoft Developer Studio generated resource script. #include "resource.h" #include "afxres.h" ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Menu SHOWDIB5 MENU DISCARDABLE BEGIN POPUP "&Open" BEGIN MENUITEM "&File", IDM_FILE_OPEN END END |
RESOURCE.H (excerpts)// Microsoft Developer Studio generated include file. // Used by ShowDib5.rc #define IDM_FILE_OPEN 40001 |
The SHOWDIB5 program is similar to SHOWDIB4 in that it doesn't use the color table in the DIB but instead uses a palette that is appropriate for a wide range of images. SHOWDIB5 uses the logical palette supplied by Windows for this purpose, a handle to which can be obtained from the CreateHalftonePalette function.
This halftone palette is hardly more sophisticated than the palette created by the CreateAllPurposePalette function in SHOWDIB4. And indeed, if you use it by itself, the results will be similar. However, if you call these two functions,
SetStretchBltMode (hdc, HALFTONE) ; SetBrushOrgEx (hdc, x, y, NULL) ;
where x and y are the device coordinates of the upper left corner of the DIB, and if you display the DIB with StretchDIBits rather SetDIBitsToDevice, the results will surprise you. Color flesh tones are much more accurate than with CreateAllPurposePalette or with CreateHalftonePalette used without setting the bitmap stretching mode. Windows uses a type of dithering pattern with the colors of the halftone palette to better approximate the colors of the original image on 8-bit video boards. As you might expect, the drawback is that it takes more processing time.
Indexing Palette Colors
The time has come to tackle the fClrUse argument to SetDIBitsToDevice, StretchDIBits, CreateDIBitmap, SetDIBits, GetDIBits, and CreateDIBSection. Normally, you set this argument to DIB_RGB_COLORS, which equals 0. However, you can also set it to DIB_PAL_COLORS. In this case, the color table in the BITMAPINFO structure is assumed to consist not of RGB color values but of 16-bit indices into a logical palette. This logical palette is the one currently selected in the device context given as the first argument to the function. Indeed, in CreateDIBSection, the use of DIB_PAL_COLORS is the only reason that you would need to specify a non-NULL device context handle as the first argument.
What does DIB_PAL_COLORS do for you? It gives you some performance improvement. Consider an 8-bit DIB that you're displaying in an 8-bit video mode by calling SetDIBitsToDevice. Windows must first do a nearest-color search of all the colors in the DIB color table with the colors available on the device. It can then set up a little table that lets it map DIB pixel values to the device pixels. At most, this means 256 nearest-color searches, but they can be skipped if the DIB color table contains instead indices into a logical palette selected in a device context.
The SHOWDIB6 program shown in Figure 16-17 is similar to SHOWDIB3 except that it uses palette indices.
Figure 16-17. The SHOWDIB6 program.
SHOWDIB6.C /*------------------------------------------------ SHOWDIB6.C -- Display DIB with palette indices (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 ------------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> #include "..\\ShowDib3\\PackeDib.h" #include "resource.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("ShowDib6") ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Show DIB #6: Palette Indices"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib ; static HPALETTE hPalette ; static int cxClient, cyClient ; static OPENFILENAME ofn ; static TCHAR szFileName [MAX_PATH], szTitleName [MAX_PATH] ; static TCHAR szFilter[] = TEXT ("Bitmap Files (*.BMP)\0*.bmp\0") TEXT ("All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0\0") ; HDC hdc ; int i, iNumColors ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; WORD * pwIndex ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: ofn.lStructSize = sizeof (OPENFILENAME) ; ofn.hwndOwner = hwnd ; ofn.hInstance = NULL ; ofn.lpstrFilter = szFilter ; ofn.lpstrCustomFilter = NULL ; ofn.nMaxCustFilter = 0 ; ofn.nFilterIndex = 0 ; ofn.lpstrFile = szFileName ; ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrFileTitle = szTitleName ; ofn.nMaxFileTitle = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrInitialDir = NULL ; ofn.lpstrTitle = NULL ; ofn.Flags = 0 ; ofn.nFileOffset = 0 ; ofn.nFileExtension = 0 ; ofn.lpstrDefExt = TEXT ("bmp") ; ofn.lCustData = 0 ; ofn.lpfnHook = NULL ; ofn.lpTemplateName = NULL ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDM_FILE_OPEN: // Show the File Open dialog box if (!GetOpenFileName (&ofn)) return 0 ; // If there's an existing packed DIB, free the memory if (pPackedDib) { free (pPackedDib) ; pPackedDib = NULL ; } // If there's an existing logical palette, delete it if (hPalette) { DeleteObject (hPalette) ; hPalette = NULL ; } // Load the packed DIB into memory SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_WAIT)) ; ShowCursor (TRUE) ; pPackedDib = PackedDibLoad (szFileName) ; ShowCursor (FALSE) ; SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW)) ; if (pPackedDib) { // Create the palette from the DIB color table hPalette = PackedDibCreatePalette (pPackedDib) ; // Replace DIB color table with indices if (hPalette) { iNumColors = PackedDibGetNumColors (pPackedDib) ; pwIndex = (WORD *) PackedDibGetColorTablePtr (pPackedDib) ; for (i = 0 ; i < iNumColors ; i++) pwIndex[i] = (WORD) i ; } } else { MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Cannot load DIB file"), szAppName, 0) ; } InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; } break ; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; if (hPalette) { SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; } if (pPackedDib) SetDIBitsToDevice (hdc, 0, 0, PackedDibGetWidth (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib), 0, 0, 0, PackedDibGetHeight (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetBitsPtr (pPackedDib), pPackedDib, DIB_PAL_COLORS) ; EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE: if (!hPalette) return FALSE ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; return TRUE ; case WM_PALETTECHANGED: if (!hPalette || (HWND) wParam == hwnd) break ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; UpdateColors (hdc) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; break ; case WM_DESTROY: if (pPackedDib) free (pPackedDib) ; if (hPalette) DeleteObject (hPalette) ; PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } |
SHOWDIB6.RC (excerpts)//Microsoft Developer Studio generated resource script. #include "resource.h" #include "afxres.h" ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Menu SHOWDIB6 MENU DISCARDABLE BEGIN POPUP "&File" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Open", IDM_FILE_OPEN END END |
RESOURCE.H (excerpts)// Microsoft Developer Studio generated include file. // Used by ShowDib6.rc // #define IDM_FILE_OPEN 40001 |
After SHOWDIB6 loads the DIB into memory and creates a palette from it, it simply replaces the colors in the DIB color table with WORD indices beginning at 0. The PackedDibGetNumColors function indicates how many colors there are, and the PackedDibGetColorTablePtr function returns a pointer to the beginning of the DIB color table.
Notice that this technique is feasible only when you create a palette directly from the color table of the DIB. If you're using an all-purpose palette, you would need to perform a nearest-color search yourself to derive the indices you put into the DIB. That wouldn't make much sense.
If you do use palette indices, be sure to replace the color table in the DIB before you save the DIB to disk. Also, don't put a DIB containing palette indices in the clipboard. In fact, it would be much safer to put palette indices in the DIB right before displaying it and then put the RGB color values back in afterward.
Palettes and Bitmap Objects
The SHOWDIB7 program in Figure 16-18 shows how to use palettes in connection with DIBs that you convert to GDI bitmap objects using the CreateDIBitmap function.
Figure 16-18. The SHOWDIB7 program.
SHOWDIB7.C /*------------------------------------------ SHOWDIB7.C -- Shows DIB converted to DDB (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 ------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> #include "..\\ShowDib3\\PackeDib.h" #include "resource.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("ShowDib7") ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Show DIB #7: Converted to DDB"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HBITMAP hBitmap ; static HPALETTE hPalette ; static int cxClient, cyClient ; static OPENFILENAME ofn ; static TCHAR szFileName [MAX_PATH], szTitleName [MAX_PATH] ; static TCHAR szFilter[] = TEXT ("Bitmap Files (*.BMP)\0*.bmp\0") TEXT ("All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0\0") ; BITMAP bitmap ; BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib ; HDC hdc, hdcMem ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: ofn.lStructSize = sizeof (OPENFILENAME) ; ofn.hwndOwner = hwnd ; ofn.hInstance = NULL ; ofn.lpstrFilter = szFilter ; ofn.lpstrCustomFilter = NULL ; ofn.nMaxCustFilter = 0 ; ofn.nFilterIndex = 0 ; ofn.lpstrFile = szFileName ; ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrFileTitle = szTitleName ; ofn.nMaxFileTitle = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrInitialDir = NULL ; ofn.lpstrTitle = NULL ; ofn.Flags = 0 ; ofn.nFileOffset = 0 ; ofn.nFileExtension = 0 ; ofn.lpstrDefExt = TEXT ("bmp") ; ofn.lCustData = 0 ; ofn.lpfnHook = NULL ; ofn.lpTemplateName = NULL ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDM_FILE_OPEN: // Show the File Open dialog box if (!GetOpenFileName (&ofn)) return 0 ; // If there's an existing packed DIB, free the memory if (hBitmap) { DeleteObject (hBitmap) ; hBitmap = NULL ; } // If there's an existing logical palette, delete it if (hPalette) { DeleteObject (hPalette) ; hPalette = NULL ; } // Load the packed DIB into memory SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_WAIT)) ; ShowCursor (TRUE) ; pPackedDib = PackedDibLoad (szFileName) ; ShowCursor (FALSE) ; SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW)) ; if (pPackedDib) { // Create palette from the DIB and select it into DC hPalette = PackedDibCreatePalette (pPackedDib) ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; if (hPalette) { SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; } // Create the DDB from the DIB hBitmap = CreateDIBitmap (hdc, (PBITMAPINFOHEADER) pPackedDib, CBM_INIT, PackedDibGetBitsPtr (pPackedDib), pPackedDib, DIB_RGB_COLORS) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; // Free the packed-DIB memory free (pPackedDib) ; } else { MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Cannot load DIB file"), szAppName, 0) ; } InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; } break ; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; if (hPalette) { SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; } if (hBitmap) { GetObject (hBitmap, sizeof (BITMAP), &bitmap) ; hdcMem = CreateCompatibleDC (hdc) ; SelectObject (hdcMem, hBitmap) ; BitBlt (hdc, 0, 0, bitmap.bmWidth, bitmap.bmHeight, hdcMem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY) ; DeleteDC (hdcMem) ; } EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE: if (!hPalette) return FALSE ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; return TRUE ; case WM_PALETTECHANGED: if (!hPalette || (HWND) wParam == hwnd) break ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; UpdateColors (hdc) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; break ; case WM_DESTROY: if (hBitmap) DeleteObject (hBitmap) ; if (hPalette) DeleteObject (hPalette) ; PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } |
SHOWDIB7.RC (excerpts)//Microsoft Developer Studio generated resource script. #include "resource.h" #include "afxres.h" ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Menu SHOWDIB7 MENU DISCARDABLE BEGIN POPUP "&File" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Open", IDM_FILE_OPEN END END |
RESOURCE.H (excerpts)// Microsoft Developer Studio generated include file. // Used by ShowDib7.rc #define IDM_FILE_OPEN 40001 |
As in the earlier programs, SHOWDIB7 obtains a pointer to the packed DIB in response to a File Open command from the menu. It also creates a palette from the packed DIB. Then—still in WM_COMMAND message processing—it obtains a device context for the video display, selects the palette into it, and realizes the palette. SHOWDIB7 then calls CreateDIBitmap to create a DDB from the DIB. If the palette were not selected and realized into the device context, the DDB that CreateDIBitmap creates would not use the additional colors in the logical palette.
After calling CreateDIBitmap, the program can then free the memory occupied by the packed DIB. The pPackedDib variable is not a static variable. Instead, the SHOWDIB7 retains the bitmap handle (hBitmap) and the logical palette handle (hPalette) as static variables.
During the WM_PAINT message, the palette is selected into the device context again and realized. The width and height of the bitmap is obtained from the GetObject function. The program can then display the bitmap on the client area by creating a compatible memory device context, selecting the bitmap into it, and doing a BitBlt. You must use the same palette when displaying the DDB as you used when creating it from the CreateDIBitmap call.
If you copy a bitmap to the clipboard, it's best that it be in a packed-DIB format. Windows can then provide bitmap objects to programs that want them. However, if you need to copy a bitmap object to the clipboard, get a video device context first and select and realize the palette. This will allow Windows to convert the DDB to a DIB based on the current system palette.
Palettes and DIB Sections
Finally, SHOWDIB8 in Figure 16-19 shows how to use a palette with the DIB section.
Figure 16-19. The SHOWDIB8 program.
SHOWDIB8.C /*-------------------------------------------------- SHOWDIB8.C -- Shows DIB converted to DIB section (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 --------------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> #include "..\\ShowDib3\\PackeDib.h" #include "resource.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("ShowDib8") ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Show DIB #8: DIB Section"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HBITMAP hBitmap ; static HPALETTE hPalette ; static int cxClient, cyClient ; static OPENFILENAME ofn ; static PBYTE pBits ; static TCHAR szFileName [MAX_PATH], szTitleName [MAX_PATH] ; static TCHAR szFilter[] = TEXT ("Bitmap Files (*.BMP)\0*.bmp\0") TEXT ("All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0\0") ; BITMAP bitmap ; BITMAPINFO * pPackedDib ; HDC hdc, hdcMem ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: ofn.lStructSize = sizeof (OPENFILENAME) ; ofn.hwndOwner = hwnd ; ofn.hInstance = NULL ; ofn.lpstrFilter = szFilter ; ofn.lpstrCustomFilter = NULL ; ofn.nMaxCustFilter = 0 ; ofn.nFilterIndex = 0 ; ofn.lpstrFile = szFileName ; ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrFileTitle = szTitleName ; ofn.nMaxFileTitle = MAX_PATH ; ofn.lpstrInitialDir = NULL ; ofn.lpstrTitle = NULL ; ofn.Flags = 0 ; ofn.nFileOffset = 0 ; ofn.nFileExtension = 0 ; ofn.lpstrDefExt = TEXT ("bmp") ; ofn.lCustData = 0 ; ofn.lpfnHook = NULL ; ofn.lpTemplateName = NULL ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDM_FILE_OPEN: // Show the File Open dialog box if (!GetOpenFileName (&ofn)) return 0 ; // If there's an existing packed DIB, free the memory if (hBitmap) { DeleteObject (hBitmap) ; hBitmap = NULL ; } // If there's an existing logical palette, delete it if (hPalette) { DeleteObject (hPalette) ; hPalette = NULL ; } // Load the packed DIB into memory SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_WAIT)) ; ShowCursor (TRUE) ; pPackedDib = PackedDibLoad (szFileName) ; ShowCursor (FALSE) ; SetCursor (LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW)) ; if (pPackedDib) { // Create the DIB section from the DIB hBitmap = CreateDIBSection (NULL, pPackedDib, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0) ; // Copy the bits CopyMemory (pBits, PackedDibGetBitsPtr (pPackedDib), PackedDibGetBitsSize (pPackedDib)) ; // Create palette from the DIB hPalette = PackedDibCreatePalette (pPackedDib) ; // Free the packed-DIB memory free (pPackedDib) ; } else { MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Cannot load DIB file"), szAppName, 0) ; } InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; } break ; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; if (hPalette) { SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; } if (hBitmap) { GetObject (hBitmap, sizeof (BITMAP), &bitmap) ; hdcMem = CreateCompatibleDC (hdc) ; SelectObject (hdcMem, hBitmap) ; BitBlt (hdc, 0, 0, bitmap.bmWidth, bitmap.bmHeight, hdcMem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY) ; DeleteDC (hdcMem) ; } EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE: if (!hPalette) return FALSE ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; return TRUE ; case WM_PALETTECHANGED: if (!hPalette || (HWND) wParam == hwnd) break ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectPalette (hdc, hPalette, FALSE) ; RealizePalette (hdc) ; UpdateColors (hdc) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; break ; case WM_DESTROY: if (hBitmap) DeleteObject (hBitmap) ; if (hPalette) DeleteObject (hPalette) ; PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } |
SHOWDIB8.RC (excerpts)//Microsoft Developer Studio generated resource script. #include "resource.h" #include "afxres.h" ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Menu SHOWDIB8 MENU DISCARDABLE BEGIN POPUP "&File" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Open", IDM_FILE_OPEN END END |
RESOURCE.H (excerpts)// Microsoft Developer Studio generated include file. // Used by ShowDib8.rc #define IDM_FILE_OPEN 40001 |
The WM_PAINT processing in SHOWDIB7 and SHOWDIB8 are identical: Both programs retain as static variables a bitmap handle (hBitmap) and a logical palette handle (hPalette). The palette is selected into the device context and realized, the width and height of the bitmap are obtained from the GetObject function, the program creates a memory device context and selects the bitmap into it, and the bitmap is displayed to the client area by a call to BitBlt.
The big difference between the two programs is in the processing of the File Open menu command. After obtaining a pointer to the packed DIB and creating a palette, SHOWDIB7 must select the palette into a video device context and realize it before calling CreateDIBitmap. SHOWDIB8 calls CreateDIBSection after obtaining the packed-DIB pointer. Selecting the palette into a device context isn't necessary because CreateDIBSection does not convert a DIB to a device-dependent format. Indeed, the only purpose of the first argument to CreateDIBSection (that is, the device context handle) is if you use the DIB_PAL_COLORS flag.
After calling CreateDIBSection, SHOWDIB8 copies the pixel bits from the packed DIB to the memory location returned from the CreateDIBSection function. It then calls PackedDibCreatePalette. Although this function is convenient for the program to use, SHOWDIB8 could have created a palette based on information returned from the GetDIBColorTable function.
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Pages: 112