Exam Essentials

Be able to describe the various aspects of physical security. Physical security involves mechanisms to provide access control, physical barriers, and authentication systems such as biometric systems.

Be able to describe the types of access control methods used in physical security. The primary methods of access control include perimeter security, security zones, physical barriers, and identification systems. These systems, when implemented in layers, make it harder for an intruder to gain access. Physical access methods should also include intrusion detection systems such as video surveillance in order to monitor the activities when they occur. This helps security professionals manage the threat and make changes when necessary.

Be able to describe the process of social engineering. Social engineering occurs when an unauthorized individual uses human or nontechnical methods to gain information or access to security information. Individuals in an organization should be trained to watch for these types of attempts, and they should report them to security professionals when they occur.

Be able to discuss the various aspects of environmental systems and functions. Environmental systems include heating, air conditioning, humidity control, fire suppression, and power systems. All of these functions are critical to a well-designed physical plant.

Be able to describe the purposes of shielding in the environment. Shielding primarily prevents interference from EMI and RFI sources. Most shielding is attached to an effective ground, thereby neutralizing or reducing interference susceptibility.

Be able to describe the types of fire suppression systems in use today. Fire suppression systems are usually either fixed or portable. Portable systems usually are fire extinguishers. Fixed systems are part of the building, and they are usually water-based or gas-based. Gas-based systems are usually found only in computer rooms or other locations where water- based systems would cause more damage than is warranted. Gas systems work only in environments where airflow can be limited. Gas systems remove oxygen from the fire, causing the fire to go out. Water systems usually remove heat from a fire, causing the fire to go out.