L

Label Edge Router (LER), MPLS network and, 306

LAN (local area network), private lines of extension of, 297

large businesses, evaluating toll-free needs of, 79–81

LATAs (Local Access Transport Areas)

intrastate calls and, 48–49

long-distance carriers and, 12

numbering and borders for, 44–45

roles of local versus long-distance carriers in, 44

understanding local versus long-distance calls and, 43

latency, VoIP service and, 322

law suits, avoiding against spammers, 335–336

leased lines

costs of, 298–299

data transfer using, 297–298

disadvantages of, 299

least cost routing (LCR)

call blocking and, 31

negotiating costs and, 41–42

PBX systems and, 30

LECs (local exchange carriers). See also carriers

contacting, 240

ordering phone lines and, 114

overview, 11–12

700 tests and, 126, 237

understanding, 240

legal action, against spammers, 335–336

LER (Label Edge Router), MPLS network and, 306

LERG (Local Exchange Routing Guide) database, 47–48

Letter of Authorization (LOA)

changing long-distance carriers and, 122

porting and, 131

RespOrg, 169–171, 172, 173–174

Letter of Authorization Carrier Facilities Assignment (LOA CFA), ordering customer-provided local loops and, 154–155

line coding, dedicated circuits and, 136–137

LNP (local number portability)

overview, 130–131

VoIP service and, 323

Local Access Transport Areas (LATAs)

intrastate calls and, 48–49

long-distance carriers and, 12

numbering and borders for, 44–45

Local Access Transport Areas (LATAs)

roles of local versus long-distance carriers in, 44

understanding local versus long-distance calls and, 43

local area network (LAN), private lines of extension of, 297

local calling area, understanding, 47

Local Calling Guide, as information resource, 339

local calls

overview, 46–47

troubleshooting switched, 214–215

versus long-distance, 43

local carrier circuit ID

on FOC document, 152

on technical cut sheet, 162

local carrier trouble reporting numbers, on technical cut sheet, 162

local carriers. See also carriers

activating toll-free dedicated circuit and, 195

Centrex/Centranet and, 27–28

on CFA, 154

contacting, 114

dial-around codes and, 128, 129

dialing from different, 243–245

finding on Internet, 116

on FOC document, 152

identifying, 115–116

inside wiring and, 61–63

inside wiring options available from, 63–64

installing new inside wiring, 119

LERG database and, 47–48

overview, 11

placing phone line orders with, 116

problems with long-distance carriers and, 120–121

processing applications to change long-distance carriers, 122–123

rejecting orders to change long-distance carriers, 123–124

role of in LATAs, 44

troubleshooting assistance from, 22

validating routing by, 237–240

local exchange carriers (LECs). See also carriers

contacting, 240

ordering phone lines and, 114

overview, 11–12

700 tests and, 126, 237

understanding, 240

Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG) database, 47–48

local loops

expediting order of, 150

frame relay networks and, 301–302

installing toll-free dedicated circuits and, 199

MPLS network and, 307

options for, 149

ordering carrier-provided, 150–152

ordering customer-provided, 152–157

ordering dedicated circuits without, 157–160

overview, 56, 146–147

pricing options for, 148

private lines and, 298

problems with dedicated circuit and, 216

understanding pricing elements of, 147–148

local number portability (LNP)

overview, 130–131

VoIP service and, 323

local toll calls, making, 48

long-distance calls

troubleshooting switched inbound, 214

troubleshooting switched outbound, 213

versus local, 43

long-distance carrier circuit ID, on FOC document, 151

long-distance carriers. See also carriers

adding new phone lines to, 120

application for service with, 122

areas of coverage available to, 117

calling cards from, 39

calls to outlying areas and, 50

canceling service with old, 126–127

checking toll-free numbers by dialing through, 249–250

confirming new service with, 125–126

costs of connecting to, 35

forcing calls over, 238–240

forcing calls over different, 241–243

local divisions of, 115

overview, 12–13

pricing intrastate versus intrastate calls, 49

problems with local carriers and, 120–121

process of changing with regular phone lines, 121–125

requesting POP lists from, 153

role in LATAs, 44

slamming and, 117–119

troubleshooting assistance from, 22

troubleshooting with, 337–338

validating, 236–238

long-distance service, dedicated circuits for, 15–17

long-duration calls, checking for, 104

loopback plugs

making female, 344

making male, 343–344

researching on Internet, 345

testing RJ-45 jack with, 281–282

looping

CFA point, 283–284

CSU, 274–279

NIU, 279–281

to T-1 jack, 281–283

loops. See local loops

lower layers, of OSI model, 304–305