The topology of a local area network (LAN) can be described in two ways:
Several topologies are used with Ethernet, each with its own distance and other specifications. During the first few years of its development, Ethernet was run using a bus topology. When PCs caused corporate LANs to proliferate, new structured wiring standards led to the use of a star topology. Limiting Factors of Ethernet TechnologiesThe two basic topologies that can be used to form an Ethernet local area network are the bus and the star. By using interconnecting devices, such as routers and switches, a larger network can be constructed, building on the bus and star to create a more complex network topology. The restrictions that are imposed by a particular topology generally have to do with several factors:
Interconnecting Devices and Cable Segment LengthInterconnecting devices and cable segment length are the most basic limiting factors for a local area network. As cable lengths get longer, the signal degrades (attenuation) until eventually it cannot be understood by another device attached to the same media. Even if you were to insert devices to strengthen or regenerate the signal at regular intervals, as is done with the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the length of the cable would be a problem because Ethernet networks rely on roundtrip timing to determine whether a packet has been properly sent. The sending station can't wait forever to determine whether a collision has occurred or whether its data was successfully transmitted on the wire with no interference. The length of a cable segment depends on the type of cable:
The 5-4-3 RuleThere is an easy way to remember what you can place between any two nodes on a legacy Ethernet LAN. The 5-4-3 rule means that there can be
This is a general rule you should stick to when planning the network topology. Note, however, that the last part of the rule applies only to coaxial cable, such as 10BASE-2 or 10BASE-5. When nodes are connected using a hub or switch and twisted-pair wiring, each node has its own cable and can vary from a small workgroup of just a few computers to a much larger one supported by stacked hubs/switches. |