Table 2.3 shows a summary of all built-in commands and reserved words.
Table B.3. Commands and Reserved Words | ||
Command | Chapter | Summary |
! | 5 | Reserved word. Logical NOT of a command exit status. |
: | 7 | Do nothing (just do expansions of any arguments). |
. | 4 | Read file and execute its contents in current shell. |
alias | 3 | Set up shorthand for command or command line. |
bg | 8 | Put job in background. |
bind | 2 | Bind a key sequence to a readline function or macro. |
break | 5 | Exit from surrounding for , select , while , or until loop. |
builtin | 5 | Execute the specified shell built-in. |
case | 5 | Reserved word. Multi-way conditional construct. |
cd | 1 | Change working directory. |
command | 7 | Run a command bypassing shell function lookup. |
continue |
| Skip to next iteration of for , select , while , or until loop. |
declare | 6 | Declare variables and give them attributes. |
dirs | 6 | Display the list of currently remembered directories. |
disown | 8 | Remove a job from the job table. |
do | 5 | Reserved word. Part of a for , select , while , or until looping construct. |
done | 5 | Reserved word. Part of a for , select , while , or until looping construct. |
echo | 4 | Expand and print any arguments. |
elif | 5 | Reserved word. Part of an if construct. |
else | 5 | Reserved word. Part of an if construct. |
enable | 7 | Enable and disable built-in shell commands. |
esac | 5 | Reserved word. Part of a case construct. |
eval | 7 | Run the given arguments through command-line processing. |
exec | 9 | Replace the shell with the given program. |
exit | 5 | Exit from the shell. |
export | 3 | Create environment variables. |
fc | 2 | Fix command (edit history file). |
fg | 8 | Put background job in foreground. |
fi | 5 | Reserved word. Part of an if construct. |
for | 5 | Reserved word. Looping construct. |
function | 4 | Define a function. |
getopts | 6 | Process command-line options. |
hash | 3 | Full pathnames are determined and remembered. |
help | 1 | Display helpful information on built-in commands. |
history | 1 | Display command history. |
if | 5 | Reserved word. Conditional construct. |
in | 5 | Reserved word. Part of a case construct. |
jobs | 1 | List any background jobs. |
kill | 8 | Send a signal to a process. |
let | 6 | Arithmetic variable assignment. |
local | 4 | Create a local variable. |
logout | 1 | Exits a login shell. |
popd | 4 | Removes a directory from the directory stack. |
pushd | 4 | Adds a directory to the directory stack. |
pwd | 1 | Print the working directory. |
read | 7 | Read a line from standard input. |
readonly | 6 | Make variables read-only (unassignable). |
return | 5 | Return from the surrounding function or script. |
select | 5 | Reserved word. Menu-generation construct. |
set | 3 | Set options. |
shift | 6 | Shift command-line arguments. |
suspend |
| Suspend execution of a shell. |
test | 5 | Evaluates a conditional expression. |
then | 5 | Reserved word. Part of an if construct. |
time |
| Reserved word. Run command pipeline and print execution times. The format of the output can be controlled with TIMEFORMAT . |
times |
| Print the accumulated user and system times for processes run from the shell. |
trap | 8 | Set up a signal-catching routine. |
type | 3 | Identify the source of a command. |
typeset | 6 | Declare variables and give them attributes. Same as declare . |
ulimit | 10 | Set/show process resource limits. |
umask | 10 | Set/show file permission mask. |
unalias | 3 | Remove alias definitions. |
unset | 3 | Remove definitions of variables or functions. |
until | 5 | Reserved word. Looping construct. |
wait | 8 | Wait for background job(s) to finish. |
while | 5 | Reserved word. Looping construct. |