c. Hungary | The Usborne Internet-Linked Encyclopedia of World History

CONTENTS · SUBJECT INDEX · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD

The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001.

Subject Index

Page 78

Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong leader: 4175.
Tungusic people: 164, 852.
Tunis: 322, 322, 323, 323, 452, 475, 479, 507, 602, 603, 797, 823, 826, 826, 826, 826, 827, 827, 827, 828, 828, 1108, 1110, 1111, 1193, 1384, 1387, 1387, 1387, 1390, 1390, 1391, 1391, 2427, 2615, 3778, 3778, 3779, 3781, 3927; treaty with Great Britain, 828; treaty with the United States, 829.
Tunisia: 245, 289, 293, 293, 295, 321, 321, 321, 321, 322, 322, 322, 322, 323, 323, 323, 826, 826, 827, 827, 828, 828, 828, 954, 962, 1327, 1383, 1385, 1385, 1385, 1387, 1387, 1387, 1387, 1387, 1388, 1389, 1389, 1390, 1390, 1391, 1391, 1392, 1392, 1392, 1706, 1836, 1932, 1956, 2426, 2426, 2426, 2429, 2636, 2847, 2848, 2855, 3769, 3770, 3772, 3919, 3927, 3940, 3940, 3940, 3940, 3941, 3942, 3942, 3943, 3943, 3943, 3943, 3944, 3945, 3946, 3946; economy, 323; war with France, 828; and France, 1345, 2426, 2426, 2426, 2426, 2427, 2428, 3940, 3940, 3941, 3941, 3942, 3942, 3943, 3943; and Algeria, 1381; bankruptcy of, 1390; French protectorate in, 1390; WWII, 2615, 2615, 2615, 2615; independence, 3941, 3941; Republic, 3942.
tunnels: 983.
Tuoba people: 158, 159.
Tuoba Wei dynasty: 158, 367.
Tuol Sleng, prison: 4091.
Túpac Amaru, Inca ruler: 899, 913.
Tupac Amarú, Peruvian revolutionary: 957.
Túpac Amaru II, Latin American rebel: 913.
Túpac Amaru, Andrés, Latin American rebel: 913.
Túpac Amaru, Mariano, Latin American rebel: 913.
Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, MRTA: 3562, 3563.
Túpac Inca, Inca king: 570.
Túpac Inca Yupanqui, Inca leader: 570.
Túpac Katari, Latin American rebel: 913.
Tupamaros, Uruguay: 3529, 3530, 3530, 3530, 3531.
Tupi Indians: 570, 915, 915, 916.
Tupper, Charles: 1637.
Turan, Baluchistan: 272.
Turati, Filippo, journalist: 1220.
Turbay Ayala, Julio César, Colombian leader: 3579.
Turco-Greek War: 1708.
Turenne, vicomte de, Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, French marshal: 622, 622, 622, 623, 624, 649, 650, 652, 652, 710.
Turgenev, Ivan, writer: 1258.
Turghut: See Draghut, corsair.
Turgot, Robert, French leader: 645, 717.
Turin: 228, 403, 408, 408, 608, 608, 656, 658, 738, 1215, 1941, 1944, 2944; treaty of, 1212.
Turin Canon: 90.
Türke, Alparslan, Turkish leader: 3794, 3799.
Turkestan: 129, 155, 155, 331, 853, 853, 1258, 1416.
Turkey: 18, 25, 36, 305, 433, 584, 584, 659, 758, 777, 806, 955, 958, 961, 979, 1338, 1341, 1356, 1703, 1706, 1706, 1708, 1711, 1723, 1725, 1728, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1830, 1831, 1853, 2142, 2145, 2317, 2317, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2321, 2321, 2321, 2322, 2322, 2322, 2323, 2325, 2325, 2325, 2325, 2327, 2328, 2329, 2330, 2331, 2331, 2332, 2333, 2333, 2333, 2346, 2357, 2363, 2372, 2376, 2377, 2404, 2410, 2434, 2537, 2551, 2636, 2637, 2643, 2647, 2654, 2661, 2698, 2700, 2710, 2711, 2711, 2714, 2718, 2724, 2741, 2745, 2754, 2756, 2997, 3023, 3024, 3037, 3130, 3139, 3167, 3167, 3168, 3168, 3208, 3213, 3216, 3222, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3239, 3244, 3250, 3259, 3308, 3350, 3357, 3379, 3391, 3768, 3769, 3770, 3771, 3782, 3785, 3786, 3787, 3787, 3790, 3790, 3790, 3791, 3792, 3793, 3794, 3794, 3795, 3796, 3797, 3797, 3799, 3801, 3801, 3802, 3803, 3803, 3803, 3803, 3804, 3805, 3805, 3805, 3807, 3808, 3809, 3809, 3810, 3810, 3811, 3811, 3812, 3812, 3843, 3885; military personnel in Tunisia, 1385, 1385, 1386; Republic, 1712, 1713; WWI, 1742, 1743, 1743, 1746, 1760, 1769, 1780, 1782, 1783, 1788, 1788, 1788; and U.S., 2187, 3796; and France, 2323; and Great Britain, 2324; official beginning, 2325; secularization, 2326; civil service reforms, 2328; population makeup, 2329, 3790; language reform, 2330; education, 2330; economic planning, 2330; Five-Year Plan, 2330; Law of Municipalities, 2330; names, 2332; WWII, 2333, 2610, 2612, 2616, 2632; postwar, 2636; Cypriots, 2672; invasion of Cyprus, 3768; economic change 1950s to 1990s, 3790, 3796; depoliticization, 3790; army intervention, 3792, 3796, 3797; student unrest, 3792; opium, 3796; and Russia, 3797. See Greek-Turkish relations; Turkish-Greek relations; Turkish-Iranian relations.
Turkhan Pasha, Albanian leader: 2136.
Turki ibn Abdallah, Saudi emir: 1359.
Turki ibn Sa’id, ruler of Muscat and Oman: 1361.
Türk I, Turkey: 3789.
Turkish Cypriots: 3797, 3806, 3807, 3808, 3809, 3809, 3809, 3809, 3810, 3810, 3810.
Turkish-Greek relations: 2322, 2330.
Turkish Hearth, nationalist society: 1348.
Turkish Historical Society: 2327.
Turkish Homeland Society: 1348.
Turkish-Iranian relations: 2331.
Turkish Islamic Welfare Party: 3802.
Turkish Linguistic Society: 2330.
Turkish Workers Party: 3789, 3796.
Turkmanchai, treaty of: 1258, 1349.
Turkmenistan: 955, 2071, 2076, 3303, 3304, 3304, 3377, 3379, 3836; sovereignty, 3301, 3377.
Turko-Iranian relations: 2341.
Turkomans: 301, 301, 301, 301, 303, 305, 305, 305, 306, 306, 306, 306, 307, 307, 307, 307, 309, 309, 310, 312, 312, 314, 314, 316, 318, 318, 318, 318, 793, 812, 812, 813, 817.
Turks: 274, 275, 275, 278, 281, 281, 281, 285, 291, 294, 295, 295, 296, 297, 299, 299, 300, 300, 301, 301, 301, 301, 302, 302, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 309, 309, 309, 310, 310, 312, 313, 317, 317, 319, 319, 324, 325, 331, 332, 332, 332, 333, 334, 335, 367, 368, 368, 368, 368, 369, 374, 468, 501, 501, 505, 507, 522, 532, 532, 532, 532, 536, 538, 538, 538, 538, 560, 560, 560, 561, 562, 563, 563, 563, 565, 567, 568, 568, 568, 568, 569, 569, 584, 601, 602, 607, 609, 609, 611, 611, 613, 614, 615, 615, 615, 616, 616, 631, 632, 632, 634, 635, 636, 779, 826, 826, 827, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1372, 1381, 3765; Uighurs, 368, 368. See Oghuz Turks.
Turku: 1080, 1080; Peace of, 766.
Turku, University of: 766.
Turnbull, Malcolm, adviser: 4310.
Turner, John, Canadian leader: 3456, 3457.
Turner, Joseph Mallord William, artist: 1037, 1046.
Turner, Nat, rebellion of: 1575.
Turnovo: 1298.
Turquoise Land: 91.
Turtukaia: 1139.
Turush: See Etruscans.
Tuscany: 222, 408, 456, 458, 466, 469, 469, 470, 471, 534, 534, 534, 534, 534, 535, 535, 536, 536, 537, 612, 657, 660, 723, 744, 744, 744, 800, 1017, 1066, 1092, 1093, 1211, 1211, 1212.
Tuscarora Indians: 940, 946.
Tusculum: 229, 465, 466.
Tushino: 630.
Tushpa: 116, 117, 118, 118.
Tushrata of Mitanni: 113.
Tushratta, king of Mitanni: 86.
Tutankhamen, king of Egypt: 8, 93, 2354.
Tutankhaten: See Tutankhamen, king of Egypt.
Tuthmosis I, king of Egypt: 93, 98.
Tuthmosis II, king of Egypt: 93, 93.
Tuthmosis III, king of Egypt: 86, 93, 103.
Tutimaios: See Dudimose I, king of Egypt.
Tutor, Julius, Gallic leader: 251.
Tutsis: 362, 1506, 2644, 4409, 4410, 4412, 4412, 4412, 4412, 4412, 4412, 4413, 4413, 4414, 4414, 4420, 4420, 4420, 4420, 4420, 4423, 4425, 4434, 4450, 4450, 4453, 4453, 4468.
Tutu, Desmond, South African leader: 4485.
Tutuila Island: 1478.
Tutush, Seljuk leader: 318.
Tuvalu: 865, 2697, 4284, 4287.
Tuve, M. A., radar researcher: 1736.
Tuz Göl: See Salt Lake.
Tver: 557, 558, 631; assembly of Russian gentry, 1259.
Tvrtko I, king of Serbia and Bosnia: 563, 563.
Twain, Mark, writer: 1600.
Tweed River: 424, 449, 592.
Twelve Apostles: See Franciscans.
Twelve Apostles of Ireland, missionaries: 425.
Twelve Articles, peasants' demands: 614.
Twelve Articles of St. Wenceslas: 1089.
Twelvers, Imami Shi’ites: 293, 297, 2335.
Twelve Tables: 223, 225, 239.
Twelve Years' Truce: 595.
Twenty-one Demands, Japan to China: 2461, 2495.
Two Sicilies: 1066.
Tydings-McDuffie Act, U.S.: 2534.
Tyler, John, U.S. president: 1576, 1577.
Tyler, Wat, English leader: 514.
Tylor, Edward: 3.
Tymff, master of the Polish mint: 777.
Tyndale, William, translator and printer of the Bible: 587.
Tyndaridas: 191.
Tyne: 253.
Tyne mouth: 421.
Tyre: 87, 87, 88, 100, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 109, 109, 109, 109, 110, 206, 206, 209, 473, 505, 2379.
Tyrol: 544, 657, 1009, 1026, 1026, 2000, 2012. See South Tyrol.
Tyrone, earl of: See O'Neill, Hugh, earl of Tyrone, leader of Irish rebellion.
Tyrrell, George, Irish theologian: 1223.
Tyrrhenian plain: 222.
Tytus, John B., engineer: 1734.
Tzannetakis, Tzannis, Greek leader: 3226.
Tzimisces, John: See John I (Tzimisces), Byzantine emperor.
Tzotzil Indians: 3711.

U-2: 3274.
U.9, German U-boat: 1795.
Ualual: 1952.
U Aung San, Burmese leader: 4048, 4048, 4048, 4059.
Uaxactún: 55.
Ubangi River: 1135.
Ubangui-Shari: 1544.
U Ba Swe, Burmese leader: 4052, 4052, 4056.
Ubayd Allah, Isma’ili leader: 297.
Übermensch, superman concept: 1235.
Ubico, Jorge, Guatemalan leader: 2278, 2278, 2278, 2279.
Uccialli, treaty of: 1220, 1222.
Uch: 331.
Uchale Treaty: 1523.
Uda, emperor of Japan: 386.
Udayadityavarman II, king of Angkor: 340.
Udayagiri Hills: 129.
Udayana Buddha: 130.
Udi, Nigeria: 2558.
Udjahorresenet, priest: 95.
Ueno, battle of: 1447.
Ufa, in Russian counterrevolution: 2067.
Uffizi Museum, Florence: 2947.
Ugain people: 439.
Ugaki Kazushige, Japanese leader: 2493, 2493, 2517, 2518.
Uganda: 362, 362, 883, 1123, 1176, 1508, 1535, 1535, 1536, 1536, 1536, 1536, 1537, 2565, 2566, 2567, 2567, 2567, 2697, 4320, 4320, 4325, 4326, 4327, 4344, 4360, 4408, 4410, 4411, 4420, 4423, 4424, 4425, 4426, 4428, 4429, 4429, 4430, 4430, 4431, 4431, 4431, 4434, 4435, 4444, 4453, 4453, 4468; Bantu and Nilotic, 347, 347, 362, 4429; independence, 4410, 4428; republic, 4429; Asians, 4429; student unrest, 4429.
Uganda Patriotic Movement: 4429.
Uganda People's Congress: 4428.
Uganda People's Party: 4429.
Uganda Railroad: 1537.
Ugarit: 83, 100, 101, 103, 103, 103, 113, 169, 2376.
Ugarteche, Manuel Prado, Peruvian leader: 2263.
Uhud, battle of: 286.
Uighurs: 278, 279, 279, 375.
ija, Korean king: 377.
ijong, Korean king: 380, 382.
isang, Buddhist teacher: 378.
Uitlanders, South African nationalists: 1557, 1558.
Ujaama Movement: 4426, 4426.
Ujjain: 129, 129, 130, 130, 130, 131, 132, 331.
Ukhahlamba Mountains: 365.
Ukil people: 439.
ukiyo-e, school of Japanese painting: 859, 861.
Ukraine: 26, 47, 257, 281, 430, 482, 489, 555, 559, 667, 667, 769, 776, 776, 777, 777, 779, 780, 782, 783, 783, 784, 785, 803, 804, 805, 1070, 1260, 1817, 2020, 2064, 2066, 2067, 2069, 2073, 2076, 2080, 2080, 2113, 2113, 2117, 2122, 2593, 2597, 2641, 2682, 2703, 3268, 3303, 3303, 3315, 3332, 3380, 3381, 3382, 3383, 3383, 3383, 3385; WWI, 1772, 1774, 1774, 1774; People's Republic, 1772; independence, 1774, 3304, 3381; radiation, 3294; People's Movement (Rukh), 3298; sovereignty, 3301, 3380; KGB, 3381; armed forces, 3381; and Russian Federation, 3382; ethnic makeup, 3383.
Ulamburiash, king of Babylon: 86.
Ulate Blanco, Otilio, Costa Rican leader: 3686, 3687.
Ulbricht, Walter, (East) German leader: 2725, 2725, 3005, 3014, 3016, 3016, 3017, 3019, 3019.
Ulfilas, Gothic bishop: 403.
Ulianov, Vladimir I.: See Lenin, Nikolai (Vladimir I. Ulianov), Russian leader.
Ulloa, Francisco de, Spanish explorer: 903.
Ulm, treaty of: 617.
Ulmanis, Karlis, Latvian leader: 2096, 2100, 2101.
Ulozhenie, Russian law code: 631.
Ulpian, Roman jurist: 255.
Ulrika Eleanora, queen of Sweden: 761, 762, 762, 762, 763.
Ulster: 425, 425, 590, 591, 1051, 1168, 1170, 1860, 1877, 2781, 2785, 2786, 2799, 2814.
Ulster Unionist Council: 1170.
Ulster Unionists, Ireland: 2815, 2816, 2816.
ultramontanism: 1035, 1066.
Ultraquist church: 621.
ultraroyalists: 1058.
Ulundi, battle of: 1555.
Ulusu, Bülent, Turkish leader: 3797.
Umana, Justo, Honduran leader: 2289.
Umar II, Umayyad caliph: 290.
Umar al-Suhrawardi, Sufi leader: 303.
Umar ben Idris, Borno leader: 871.
Umarian Empire: 1506, 1510, 1510, 1511, 1511, 1511.
Umar ibn al-Khattab, second caliph: 287, 288.
Umar Khayyam, poet and scientist: 302.
Umar Nadhari, Iraqi leader: 2400.
Umar Tal, African leader: 1510, 1510, 1510, 1511, 1511.
Umayyad dynasty: 276, 279, 288, 288, 289, 289, 289, 289, 289, 289, 289, 289, 289, 290, 290, 290, 290, 290, 290, 290, 291, 291, 291, 291, 291, 291, 291, 292, 292, 321, 321, 419, 419, 419, 432, 475; of Córdoba, 419; in Spain, 419, 419.
Umba River: 1530, 1531.
Umberto I, king of Italy: 1219, 1223.
Umberto II, king of Italy: 1945, 1946, 1954, 2925, 2925.
Umbria: 222, 227, 237, 1211, 1212.
Umeå Lappmark: 761.
Umkhonto we Sizwe, South African party: 4477, 4477.
Umma: 84.
Umma Party, Sudan: 4390, 4390, 4404.
Umm Diwaykrat, battle of: 1527.
Umor, Bulgarian ruler: 440.
Umyanyembe: 1529.
Unamuno y Jugo, Migúel de, writer: 1921, 1921.
Unas, king of Egypt: 91.
Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe: 1582.
Unconditional Spanish Party, Puerto Rico: 1694.
Unctad: 2683.
Underground Railroad: 989, 1576, 1623.
Underwood-Simmons Act, U.S.: 1486.
Underwood Tariff Act, U.S.: 1620.
Undset, Sigrid, writer: 2044.
Unemployment Assistance Act, Ireland: 1873.
Unemployment Insurance Act, Great Britain: 1843.
Unfederated Malay States, UMS: 1411, 1411, 1411.
Ungaran Island: 837.
Ungjin: 161, 377.
Ungo, Guillermo, Salvadoran leader: 3666, 3667, 3668.
Uni, Egyptian general: 91, 103.
União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, UNITA: 4434, 4435, 4436, 4436, 4437, 4438, 4439, 4439, 4439, 4440, 4442, 4443, 4445, 4450, 4450, 4465, 4476, 4477.
Uniate Church: 633, 3223, 3381.
Unified Workers Central, CUT: 3509.
Uniform Land Tax Law, in Korea: 856.
Unilateral Declaration of Independence, IDI: 4467.
Union Acts, England: 953, 1622, 1628.
Union and Central Pacific Railways: 1587.
Union Carbide: 2680, 3977.
Union Chargeability Act, England: 1159.
Unión Cívica, Argentina: 1660.
Unión Cívica de la Juventud, Argentina: 1660.
Unión Cívica Radical, Argentina: 1660, 1660.
Union Council, Russia: 2076.
Union de Défense des Commerçants et Artisans, France: 2846.
Union Federation of Mine Workers of Bolivia, FSTMB: 3536.
Union for Liberty, Aragon: 526.
Union Générale des Travailleurs Tunisiens, UGTT: 3940.
Union Indo-Chinoise: 1409.
Unionism, Belgian: 1056, 1056, 1056.
Unionists, Ireland: 1170, 1170, 1839, 1877.
Unionists, South Africa: 1558, 2577.
Union Jack, flag of Great Britain: 683.
Union Marocaine du Travail: 3919.
Union Nacionalista, Philippines: 1486.
Union Nationale, Quebec: 3452.
Union of Albanian Labor Youth: 3202.
Union of Connecticut and New Haven: 933.
Union of Democratic Forces, UDF: 3239, 3241, 3242.
Union of Democratic Forces, Kirghizstan: 3243, 3344.
Union of Free Poles, Polish society: 1267.
Union of Independents, Austria: 3030.
Union of International Associations: 1700.
Union of Liberation, Russia: 1262.
Union of Lublin: 632.
Union of South Africa: 2339, 2433, 2578. See South Africa.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: See Russia.
Union of the Democratic Center, UCD: 2901.
Union of True Russian Men: 1266.
Union of Unions, Russia: 1263.
Union of Utrecht: 595.
Union of Young Poland, Fascist group: 2123.
Union of Zemstvos and Municipalities, Russia: 2062, 2064.
Union or Death, Black Hand: 1140, 1293.
Union Pacific–Central Pacific line: 956.
Union Pacific Railway: 989, 1595.
Union Party, Burma: 4054.
Union Party, Egypt: 2354.
Union Party, U.S.: 1584, 1589.
Unión Popular Party, Peronist: 3486.
Union pour la Démocratie Française, UDF: 2881.
Union pour le Progrés National, UPRONA: 4412, 4412, 4412.
Union Progressive Sénégalaise: 4378.
unions: 1048, 1161; 1800–1914, 1142; Great Britain, 1155, 1155, 1159, 1159, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1161, 1162, 1162, 1163, 1163; Ireland, 1170; Belgium, 1172; France, 1182, 1183, 1193, 1195, 1198, 1198; Spain, 1204; Germany, 1231; Scandinavia, 1247, 1248, 1248, 1249; Denmark, 1253; Russia, 1262; Australia, 1495; New Zealand, 1504, 1504, 1505, 1505; U.S., 1576, 1592, 1602, 1602, 1605, 1605; Canada, 1639. See labor; strikes; labor movements.
union sacrée, France: 1901.
Unitarians, in England: 588.
United Africa Company, UAC: 1516.
United Airlines: 3435.
United Arab Emirates: 2636, 3772, 3776, 3897, 3898, 3900.
United Arab Republic (UAR): 2644, 2656, 3281, 3771, 3771, 3839, 3879.
United Army of Central America: 1680.
United Australia Party: 2545, 2548.
United Automobile Workers, UAW: 2187, 3392, 3434.
United Bermuda Party: 3766.
United Brands: 3694.
United Canada: 1630.
United Council for China: 2480.
United Democratic Front, UDF: 4480, 4480.
United East India Company: 932.
United Electrical Radio and Machine Workers of America: 3392.
United Farm Workers, UFW: 3411.
United Federation of Workers of Honduras, FUTH: 3695.
United Free Church of Scotland: 1547.
United Front, Ceylon: 4032, 4032.
United Fruit Company, UFCO: 1681, 1685, 2267, 2267, 2278, 2279, 3648, 3648, 3688, 3693.
United Gold Coast Convention: 4320, 4324.
United Ireland Party, Fine Gael: 1873.
United Irishmen: 701, 701.
United Kingdom: See Great Britain.
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve: 917.
United Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes: 1779.
United Landtag: 1072.
United Left, Izquierda Unida: 2905.
United Malays National Organization, UN: 4114.
United Methodist Free Church: 1529.
United Mine Workers of America: 2210.
United National Congress, Trinidad and Tobago: 3765.
United National Independence Party, UNIP: 4465, 4465.


The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

CONTENTS · SUBJECT INDEX · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD