- Novi, battle of
- 1011.
- Novo-Georgievsk, Russian fortress
- 1794.
- Novorossiisk, Novorossiysk
- 2595, 3314, 3338.
- Novosibirsk
- 3076.
- Novosiltsov, Nikolai, Russian reformer
- 1256.
- Novotný, Antonín, Czech leader
- 2725, 3127, 3128, 3128, 3128.
- Noyon
- 414, 607, 1738, 1755, 1781, 1812, 1812.
- Nripatungavarman, ruler of India
- 327.
- NSF-22 December Group, Romania
- 3257.
- Ntaryamir, Cyprien, Burundian leader
- 4412, 4412.
- Ntibantunganya, Sylvestre
- 4412.
- Nubia
- 38, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 45, 74, 89, 90, 91, 91, 91, 92, 92, 93, 93, 93, 93, 93, 96, 97, 98, 319, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 360, 360, 360, 360, 360, 360, 360, 360, 361, 879.
- nuclear energy
- 1730; reactor, 1730; producing electricity, 1732; chain reaction, 1732.
- nuclear power
- 2641, 2641, 2641, 2642, 2651, 2652, 2653, 2655, 2656, 2664, 2671, 2674, 2676, 2681, 2681, 2696, 2703, 2703, 2717, 2725, 2736, 2737, 2738, 2765, 2768, 2769, 2865, 3443, 4216; atomic bomb, 1730; U.S., 2523, 2631, 2631, 3390, 3400, 3400, 3403, 3405, 3407, 3407, 3431, 3435, 3439, 3441, 4238; cold war, 2637; test bans and non-proliferation, 2637, 2641, 2642, 2660, 2665, 2666, 2690, 2692, 3005, 3203, 3282, 3408, 3414, 4217, 4218; weapons testing, 2638; U.S.-Russia, 2676, 3286, 3286, 3286, 3288; India, 2694, 3973, 3987, 4014; Pakistan, 2694, 2697, 3987, 4014, 4014; stockpiling, 2720; Great Britain, 2770, 2771, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2775, 2790, 2792; missiles, 2774, 2792; France, 2852, 2854, 2854, 2855, 2861, 2865, 2867, 2868, 2870, 2874, 2874, 2877, 2883, 2883, 2883, 2884; Malta, 2968; Switzerland, 2971, 2973; West Germany, 2995, 3005; Germany, 3025, 3026; Austria, 3037; Sweden, 3065; Iceland, 3086; Greenland, 3088; Yugoslavia, 3170, 3172; Albania, 3203; Romania, 3254; Russia, 3262, 3267, 3268, 3270, 3272, 3273, 3275, 3275, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3282, 3371; Chernobyl, 3294, 3297; Kazahkstan, 3332; Belarus, 3332; Ukraine, 3332; Iran, 3366; hydrogen bomb, 3394, 3398, 3401; Three Mile Island, 3426; Korea, 3433, 4217, 4218, 4218, 4218, 4218, 4218, 4218, 4218, 4219, 4220, 4221, 4222; Canada, 3449, 3449, 3449, 3454; Latin America, 3471; Southeast Asia, 4047; China, 4154, 4157, 4174, 4177; Japan, 4238; Pacific, 4283, 4283, 4283; New Zealand, 4314, 4316, 4317, 4317; Africa, 4326.
- Nueva Galicia
- 903, 903, 903, 903, 909.
- Nueva Granada
- 897, 897, 897, 909, 909, 909, 911, 911, 913, 1650, 1650, 1650, 1650, 1650, 1650, 1650, 1650, 1672, 1672; independence of, 1672. See Colombia.
- Nueva Vizcaya
- 904, 904.
- Nuisances Removal and Disease Prevention Act, England
- 1155.
- Nujoma, Sam, Namibian leader
- 4470, 4476, 4476.
- Nullabor Plain
- 1489.
- nullification doctrine
- 1565, 1574, 1576, 1576.
- Numantia
- 233.
- Numa Pompilius, legendary king of Rome
- 224.
- Numerian, Roman emperor
- 258, 260.
- Numerianus, Marcus Aurelius Numerius
- See Numerian, Roman emperor.
- Numidia
- 231, 232, 235, 253.
- Nunavut
- 3463.
- Núñez, Rafael, Latin American leader
- 1673.
- Núñez de Balboa, Vasco
- See Vasco Núñez de ~Balboa, Spanish explorer.
- Núñez de Vela, Blasco, Spanish colonial administrator
- 899.
- Nupe
- 1510.
- Nur al-Din, Zangid leader
- 318, 318, 318, 318, 319, 319.
- Nuremberg, Nürnberg
- 1835, 2982, 2983, 2987; Laws, 1986; Tribunal, 2646.
- Nurestan
- 1356.
- Nurhachi
- See Taizu, Chinese ruler.
- Nuri al-Said, Iraqi leader
- 2400, 2402, 2406, 3879, 3879.
- Nur Jahan, Indian empress
- 832.
- Nurmi, Paavo, Finnish athlete
- 1708.
- Nursi, Saidi, religious leader
- 3792.
- nursing
- 1071, 1162.
- Nuru'd-din ar-Raniri, Malay scholar
- 841.
- Nur-ud-din Jahangir
- See Jahangir, Mughal emperor.
- Nur-u Osmaniye mosque, Istanbul
- 808.
- Nyamwezi people
- 1528, 1528, 1539, 1539.
- Nyangoma, Leonard, Hutu rebel leader
- 4414.
- Nyarubanga period
- 883.
- Nyasaland
- 1546, 1547, 1548, 1548, 2572, 2572, 2572, 2661, 4408, 4455, 4455, 4456, 4456, 4459, 4459, 4459; and Rhodesia, 2652, 2661. See Malawi.
- Nyasaland African Congress, NAC
- 4456, 4456.
- Nyasaland National Congress
- 4459.
- Nye, Archibald
- 3446.
- Nyerere, Julius, Tanzanian leader
- 4408, 4426, 4426, 4426, 4426, 4426, 4426, 4426.
- Nyers, Reszö, Hungarian leader
- 3155.
- Nygaardsvold, Johan, Norwegian leader
- 2047.
- Nymphaion, treaty of
- 510.
- Nymphenburg
- 660.
- Nyon
- 1726; agreement, 1930.
- Nyoro kingdom
- 1536.
- Nystadt, treaty of
- 659, 762, 766, 786.
- Nyström, Swedish labor leader
- 1248.
- Nzinga, queen of the Mbundu
- 886.
|
- Oates, Titus, English conspirator
- 676.
- oath of allegiance
- 1591.
- Oath of Salisbury, England
- 444.
- Oaths of Strassburg
- 411.
- Oaxaca
- 570, 911, 3710.
- Obando, José Maria, Latin American leader
- 1672.
- Obando y Bravo, Miguel, Nicaraguan archbishop
- 3677.
- Obasanjo, Olusegun (Olasegun), Nigerian leader
- 4326, 4368, 4368, 4373, 4457, 4469.
- Oberlin College
- 1575.
- Ober-Procurator, Russia
- 786.
- Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Teodoro, leader of Equatorial Guinea
- 4338, 4338, 4338, 4338.
- Obote, Milton, Ugandan leader
- 4428, 4428, 4429, 4429, 4429, 4429, 4429, 4429.
- Obregón, Alvaro, Mexican leader
- 2290, 2292, 2292, 2293, 2293, 2294, 2296, 2296, 2296, 2297, 2297, 2297.
- Obrenovich family, rulers of Serbia
- 1285.
- O'Brians of Munster
- 425.
- Obuchi Keizo, Japanese leader
- 4250, 4251, 4252.
- Ocala
- 1605.
- Ocalan, Abdullah, Kurdish leader
- 3785, 3804, 3804.
- Ocampo, David Samanez, Peruvian leader
- 2260.
- Occasional Conformity Act, England
- 683, 685.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA
- 3423.
- Occupation Statute
- 2709, 2710, 2710.
- Ocean Island
- 1479, 4284.
- oceanography
- 1152.
- Ochab, Edward, Polish leader
- 3098.
- Ochoa Sánchez, Arnaldo, Cuban leader
- 3723.
- Ochoa Vásquez, Fabio, drug lord
- 3585.
- Ochrid
- 438, 438, 499, 1139.
- Ochs, Peter, Swiss rebel
- 750.
- O'Connell, Daniel, Irish leader
- 1051, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1052.
- O'Connor, Feargus, Irish Chartist leader
- 1049.
- O'Connor, Sandra Day, Supreme Court Justice
- 3427.
- O'Connors of Connaught
- 425.
- Ocosingo
- 913.
- Octavia, wife of Mark Antony
- 242, 242.
- Octavia, wife of Nero
- 248, 248.
- Octavian (later Augustus)
- 219, 241, 241, 241, 241, 242, 242, 242, 242, 242, 242, 242, 242, 243, 243.
- Octavianus, Gaius Julius Caesar, Octavian
- See Augustus; Octavian (later Augustus).
- October Diploma, Austria
- 1239.
- Octoberist Party, Russia
- 1263, 2064.
- October Manifesto, Russia
- 1263, 1263, 1263, 1264.
- October Revolution, Russia
- 1269.
- Oczakov
- 789.
- Oda, archbishop of Canterbury
- 422.
- Oda family
- 857, 859.
- Odaware
- 858.
- Oddsson, Davíd, Icelandic leader
- 3086, 3087.
- Odenathus, ruler of Palmyra
- 257, 272.
- Ödenburg
- 1817, 2025.
- Oder-Neisse line
- 2731, 2731, 2982, 3006, 3006, 3011, 3089, 3094, 3099.
- Oder River
- 402, 405, 461, 486, 755, 1835.
- Odescalchi, Benedetto
- See Innocent XI, pope.
- Odessa
- 1262, 1272, 1299, 1774, 2067, 2067, 2593, 2593, 2597.
- Odessos, Varna
- 568.
- Odinga, Oginga, Kenyan leader
- 4417, 4417, 4417, 4417.
- Odo, Eudes
- 412, 413, 413.
- Odoacer
- See Odovacar, Herulian leader.
- O'Donnell, Leopoldo, Spanish leader
- 1199, 1199, 1199.
- Odovacar, Herulian leader
- 269, 269, 270, 403, 406, 406.
- Odrysae
- 203, 203.
- Oduber, Daniel, Costa Rican leader
- 3689.
- O'Duffy, Eoin (Owen), Irish leader
- 1872, 1873.
- Odumegwu-Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka, Nigerian leader
- 4368.
- Odysseus
- 173.
- Odyssey
- 173, 229.
- Oedipus
- 173.
- Oedlsting, Norway
- 1075.
- e Hiromoto, scholar
- 394.
- e Kenzabur, writer
- 4246, 4247.
- Oeniadea
- 192.
- Oersted, Hans, physicist
- 1038, 1039.
- Offenses Against the State Act, Ireland
- 2809.
- Office de redressement économique, Belgium
- 1888.
- Office of Anthropology, Mexico
- 2294.
- Office of Defense Mobilization, U.S.
- 3394.
- Office of Economic Opportunity, U.S.
- 3390, 3410, 3422.
- Office of Economic Stabilization, U.S.
- 2212.
- Office of Economic Warfare, U.S.
- 2214.
- Office of Inter-American Affairs, U.S.
- 2210.
- Office of Management and Budget, U.S.
- 3420.
- Office of Production Management, U.S.
- 2210.
- Office of War Information, U.S.
- 2608.
- Office of War Mobilization, U.S.
- 2212.
- Official Languages Act, Canada
- 3454.
- Official Translation Office, China
- 847.
- Ogaden
- 2564, 4396, 4397, 4400, 4400.
- gai, Mori, writer
- 1471.
- Ogata Taketora, Japanese leader
- 4229.
- Ogere, Nigeria
- 2558.
- Oghuz Turks
- 301, 309.
- Ogi, Adolf, Swiss leader
- 2977.
- Ogiski, Michal, Polish engineer
- 781.
- Oglethorpe, James, English colonizer
- 938.
- Ögödei, Mongol leader
- 374, 374, 375.
- Ogoni
- 4371, 4373.
- Ogowe
- 1509.
- Ohain, Hans von, airplane engineer
- 1736.
- Ohanian, Avans, film director
- 2341.
- O'Higgins, Bernardo, Latin American leader
- 1648, 1648, 1648, 1648, 1662.
- O'Higgins, Kevin, Irish leader
- 1864, 1870.
- Ohio
- 1567, 1623, 2188, 3401.
- Ohio Company
- 939.
- Ohio River
- 53, 939, 939, 939, 940, 940, 944, 1581.
- hira Masayoshi, Japanese leader
- 4234.
- Ohm, Georg S., physicist
- 1039.
- oil
- 981; companies, 1700; pipeline, 1737; globalization, 3774.
- oil fields
- 2668, 2670, 2681; Romania, 1312, 2590; Iran, 1351, 1353, 3433; Arabia, 1364, 2413; Iraq, 2402, 2402, 2402, 2405, 3842, 3883, 3884, 3884, 3900; Bahrain, 2413; Saudi Arabia, 2416, 2416, 3889; Russia, 2595, 3098; Mexico, 2603, 3703; Caucausus, 2627; Norway, 3058; Poland, 3095; Azerbaijan, 3314, 3314; Kazakhstan, 3337, 3338; Latvia, 3349; U.S., 3417, 3425; Peru, 3553; Ecuador, 3568, 3569, 3571, 3571; Colombia, 3593; Venezuela, 3594, 3596; Middle East, 3770; Rumayla, 3782; Turkey, 3791; Eurasia, 3804; North Yemen, 3895; Qatar, 3896; Kuwait, 3896; Abu Dhabi, 3896; Dubayy, 3896, 3897; Oman, 3897; Sharja, 3897; Algeria, 3929; Libya, 3947; Seris, 4118; Nigeria, 4324, 4373; Chad, 4337; Sudan, 4404; Luanda, 4432; Angola, 4439, 4442.
- Oirat
- 376.
- Oise-Aisne Canal
- 1801.
- Ojeda, Alonso de, Spanish explorer
- 573, 895.
- Oka
- 3457.
- Okada Keisuke, Japanese leader
- 2514.
- O'Keefe, Matthew
- 1164, 1167.
- O'Kelly, Seán T., Irish leader
- 1881, 2804, 2805.
- Oken, Lorenz, naturalist
- 1042.
- Okhrid
- 441, 442, 1797.
- Oki Island
- 395.
- Okinawa
- 2631, 3418, 4226, 4236, 4238, 4239.
- Okitsugu, Tanuma, Japanese official
- 861.
- Ok-kyun, Kim, Korean leader
- 1431.
- Oklahoma
- 903, 905, 1576, 1593; settlement of, 1603.
- Oklahoma City
- 3433.
- Olaf I Trygvesson, king of Norway
- 464.
- Olaf II, St. Olaf
- 463, 464.
- Olaf V, king of Denmark and Norway
- 551, 551, 553, 553, 3057, 3057, 3058, 3060.
- Old Age Pension Act, England
- 1163.
- old age pension law(s)
- 1867; Belgium, 1886.
- Old Believers, Russian schismatics
- 783, 784, 785.
- Oldcastle, John (Lord Cobham)
- 514.
- Old Chosn
- 160, 160, 160.
- Old Delhi
- 3980.
- Oldenburg
- 1072.
- Oldenburg dynasty
- 1077.
- Old Hittite Kingdom
- 113.
- Old Kingdom, Egypt
- 66, 91, 91, 91, 95.
- Old Northwest, U.S. territory
- 950, 1567.
- Oldowan stone technology
- 19.
- Old Pretender
- See James Edward (the Old Pretender), son of James II.
- Old Stone Age
- 14, 138.
- Old Testament
- 419, 469.
- Olduvai Gorge
- 4, 7, 9, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 4409.
- Old World
- 2, 14, 15, 19, 20, 20, 22, 23, 23, 24, 24, 25, 28, 29, 35, 36, 40, 40, 41, 52, 61, 869.
- Olechowski, Andrzej, Polish leader
- 3115.
- Oleg, Russian prince
- 436, 488.
- Oleksy, Jozef, Polish leader
- 3117, 3118.
- Olga, queen and regent of Greece
- 2144.
- Olga, Russian princess
- 437, 488, 488.
- Olid, Cristóbal de, Spanish conquistador
- 902, 902.
- Olinda
- 915, 916.
- Oliva, treaty of
- 648, 761, 776.
- Olivares, count-duke, Gaspar de Guzman, favorite of Philip IV
- 603, 604.
- Oliver, James, developer of chilled plow
- 987.
- Olivier, Borg, Maltese leader
- 2967.
- Oljeitu, Ilkhanid leader
- 305, 306.
- Ollivier, Émile, French leader
- 1185.
- Olmecs
- 54, 54, 54, 61, 63.
- Olmütz
- 663.
- Olmütz Proclamation
- 1230.
- Oloibiri, Nigeria
- 4324.
- Olöt Jungars
- 852, 852.
- Olsen-Chubbock, Colorado
- 12.
- Olszewski, Andrzej, Polish leader
- 3115.
- Olszewski, Jan, Polish leader
- 3114.
- Olybrius, Roman emperor in the west
- 269.
- Olympia
- 186.
- Olympian Games
- 176.
- Olympias, wife of Philip II of Macedonia
- 205, 209.
- Olympic Games
- 1706, 1708; of classical Greece, 959; modern, 959, 1279; London, 1706, 2648, 2761; VII Summer, 1883; Tokyo, 2661; Mexico, 2665, 3702; Munich, 2669, 3859; Montreal, 2673; Moscow, 2677, 3290; Los Angeles, 2680; Barcelona, 2688, 2907, 4316; U.S., 3292, 3436; China, 4171; Australia, 4171, 4301, 4313; Korea, 4212, 4213, 4279; Japan, 4235, 4250, 4279.
- Olympic Peninsula
- 33.
- Olympio, Sylvanus, Togolese leader
- 4386, 4386.
- Olynthiac Orations
- 204.
- Olynthus
- 200, 200, 203, 204, 204, 204.
- Omagh
- 2815.
- Omagua
- 916.
- Omaha
- 1605.
- Oman
- 126, 288, 817, 820, 820, 820, 821, 880, 882, 882, 882, 1358, 1360, 1360, 1361, 1361, 1361, 1364, 2408, 2409, 2413, 3338, 3776, 3889, 3896, 3896, 3897, 3897, 3897, 3897, 3899; and Africa, 1528, 1528, 1528, 1528, 1528, 1529.
- Omanis
- 343.
- Omar Bongo University, Gabon
- 4341.
- Bashir, Omar Hassan al-, Sudanese leader
- 4392, 4405, 4406, 4407.
- Omar Pasha, Michael Lattas
- 1296, 1296.
- Omdurman, battle of
- 1123, 1526.
- Omladina
- See United Serbia Youth.
- Omortag
- 440.
- Omri, king of Israel
- 104, 104, 109.
- Omsk, Siberia
- 2067.
- mura, lord of Nagasaki
- 857, 857.
- Omurtag, Bulgarian ruler
- 440.
- On
- See Heliopolis.
- Ona
- 570.
- Oñate, Juan de, Spanish conquistador
- 904.
- Oncenio, Peruvian administration
- 2259.
- Oneida Indians
- 935, 946, 1563.
- O'Neill, Hugh, earl of Tyrone
- 589, 590.
- O'Neill, Terence, Irish leader
- 2781, 2809.
- O'Neils of Ulster
- 425.
- One Israel
- 3868.
- Onganía, Juan Carlos, Argentine leader
- 3487, 3487, 3489.
- Ong Teng Cheong, Singaporean leader
- 4117.
- nin War, Japan
- 396.
- Onitsha, Nigeria
- 4323.
- Ónod
- 758.
- Onomarchus, Phocian leader
- 203, 203, 204.
- Onondaga Indians
- 935.
- Ono no Imoko, Japanese diplomat
- 383.
- Ontario
- 1622, 1623, 1630, 1630, 1632, 1634, 2232, 2687.
- Ontario Hockey Association
- 1635.
- Ontario Hydroelectric Commissionaries
- 1639.
- Ontong Java
- 865.
- Öostercheldedam
- 2832.
- Oost Indische Compagnie
- See Dutch East India Company.
- Opechanough, American Indian leader
- 925.
- Open Door policy
- 970, 971, 1129, 1424, 1465, 1610, 1610, 1710.
- open-hearth process
- 956; of steelmaking, 984.
- Open Housing Law
- 3415.
- Operation Blast Furnace
- 3547.
- Operation Crossroads, U.S.
- 4283.
- Operation Desert Storm
- 2879.
- Opitz, Martin, German writer
- 624.
- opium
- 1395, 1415, 1415, 1416, 1416, 1416, 1417, 1418, 1424, 1439; conference on, 1714.
- Opium War
- 953, 961, 1415, 1416, 1438, 1473.
- Opoku Ware, Asante ruler
- 876.
- Oporto, Portugal
- 918, 1064, 1937.
- Oppa River
- 660.
- Oppenheim
- 622.
- Oppenheimer, J. Robert, scientist
- 3397, 3398.
- Oppert, Ernst, German adventurer
- 1430.
- Opuntian Locris
- 192.
- oral traditions
- 2.
- Oran, Algeria
- 601, 601, 826, 828, 828, 1381, 1381, 1381, 1382, 1382, 1382, 1383, 1383, 1386, 2605, 2614.
- Orange, Dutch royal house
- 595, 652, 659, 703, 704.
- Orange, of
- 1033.
- Orange Free State
- 1552, 1553, 1553, 1559, 2574.
- Orange Guard, Bulgaria
- 2160.
- Orange Naussau
- 705.
- Orange River, South Africa
- 890, 1552, 1553, 1768.
- Orange River Sovereignty
- 1552.
- Orang Kaya, council of nobles in Malaya
- 837, 837, 837, 837.
- Orang Laut
- 837, 837, 837, 837, 837, 837.
- Orang Suku Bentan
- 837.
- Orang Suku Bulang
- 837.
|