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For information about how Internet mail works, see one or more of the following documents by the author of qmail:
Internet mail (http://cr.yp.to/im.html)
SMTP (http://cr.yp.to/smtp.html)
Internet mail message header format (http://cr.yp.to/immhf.html)
Detailed information about the Internet mail standard is contained in the Requests for Comment (RFCs).
RFCs are the official documentation of the Internet. Most of these are well beyond the commentary stage and actually define Internet protocols such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet, and the various mail standards and protocols:
RFC 821, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, obsoleted by RFC 2821 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0821.txt
RFC 822, Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages, obsoleted by RFC 2822 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt
RFC 931, Authentication Server http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0931.txt
RFC 974, Mail Routing and the Domain System http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0974.txt
RFC 1123, Requirements for Internet Hosts—Application and Support http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt
RFC 1413, Identification Protocol http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1413.txt
RFC 1423, Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part III: Algorithms, Modes, and Identifiers http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1423.txt
RFC 1651, SMTP Service Extensions http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1651.txt
RFC 1652, SMTP Service Extension for 8bit-MIMEtransport http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1652.txt
RFC 1806, Content-Disposition Header http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1806.txt
RFC 1854, SMTP Service Extension for Command Pipelining http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1854.txt
RFC 1891, SMTP Service Extension for Delivery Status Notifications http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1891.txt
RFC 1892, The Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of Mail System Administrative Messages http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1892.txt
RFC 1893, Enhanced Mail System Status Codes http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1893.txt
RFC 1894, An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status Notifications http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1894.txt
RFC 1939, Post Office Protocol, Version 3 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1939.txt
RFC 1985, SMTP Service Extension for Remote Message Queue Starting (ETRN) http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1985.txt
RFC 1991, PGP Message Exchange Formats http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1991.txt
RFC 2015, MIME Security with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2015.txt
RFC 2045, MIME Internet Message Bodies http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
RFC 2046, MIME Media Types http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt
RFC 2047, MIME Headers http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2047.txt
RFC 2048, MIME Registration Procedures http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2048.txt
RFC 2049, MIME Conformance Criteria http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2049.txt
RFC 2142, Mailbox Names for Common Services http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2142.txt
RFC 2183, Content Disposition Header http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2183.txt
RFC 2821, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt
RFC 2822, Internet Message Format http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2822.txt
A comprehensive list of mail-related RFCs is available from the Internet Mail Consortium at http://www.imc.org/mail-standards.html.
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