paradigms, 130–131
Pascale, Richard
on learning organizations, 47, 110
on organizational development, 129
on paradigm shift, 130–131
on reengineering, 138
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, on classical conditioning, 58, 61
performance
paradigms in, 130–131
vs. learning, xi
performance consulting
four-step process of, 133
origins of, 132
performance domains (Bloom), 21–22
vs. Plato, 22
performance improvement, see also behaviorism; cognitivism
four-step process of, 133–134
incremental, 92–93
medical intervention analogy for, 134
scientific model of, 131–132
seven factors in identifying business problems, 133
performance objectives, see also competencies
components of, 21
definition of, 20
types of, 21–22
performance traits, 70
Phillips, Jack J.
on evaluation, 36
on return on investment, 140
Piaget, Jean, and constructivism, 76, 77
Piskurich, George, on instructional design, 14
Plato
and continuous learning, 151–152
influence on Benjamin Bloom, 22
and structure of consciousness, 155
and three psychological domains, 152–153
Polanyi, Michael, on tacit knowledge, 99
process engineering, and Taylor's scientific management theory, 120
programmed instruction, beginnings of, 10–11
progressive education, 161–162, 165–166
prototyping, in demo phase of design, 18